中老年女性广场舞者健康体适能和HRQoL间关系研究

Research on Relationship Between Health Fitness and HRQoL of Middle-Aged and Aged Female Square Dancers

目的:评定自发锻炼广场舞者健康体适能和健康相关生活质量(HRQoL)水平,并分析两者间关系。方法:采用便利抽样法,选择2020年6月-9月杭州市中老年女性广场舞者199名为研究对象。采用自制问卷和SF-36量表调查广场舞者基本信息和HRQoL水平,并对血压、肺活量和握力等7个健康体适能指标进行测评。结果:①健康体适能各单项情况如下,肺活量合格率为54.7%,握力合格率为64.3%,坐位体前屈合格率为71.3%,动态平衡合格率为51.3%,血压正常率为31.1%,BMI指数正常率为48.2%,骨量正常率为49.2%;HRQoL总分为(83.63±11.79)分(满分100分,低于60分不合格),不合格占5.5%,合格占8.0%,良好占16.1%,优秀占70.4%。②以年龄和参与锻炼情况为协变量,对健康体适能和HRQoL进行偏相关分析,健康体适能部分指标(肺活量、握力、坐位体前屈和动态平衡)和HRQoL间存在显著性正向相关(P<0.05),但相关系数均不高。③二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,参与其他运动情况、骨质健康和坐位体前屈成绩是HRQoL达到优秀水平的良性影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:长期参与广场舞练习对锻炼者健康水平具有积极影响,在HRQoL各维度得分较高,生活质量呈现较高水平,但健康体适能部分指标结果仍不理想,仍需进一步提高。健康体适能与HRQoL两者测评结果间存在一定差异,但两者间仍呈正向相关,其中骨质健康、柔韧适能(坐位体前屈成绩)和参与其他运动情况是达到HRQoL优秀水平的主要因素。

Objective:To evaluate the level of health fitness and health-related quality of life(HRQoL)in voluntary square dancers,and to analyze the relationship between them.Methods:Using convenience sampling method,199 middle-aged and elderly female square dancers in Hangzhou from June to September 2020 were selected as research subjects.Their basic information and HRQoL level were investigated by self-made questionnaires and SF-36 scale,and 7 health fitness indexes such as blood pressure,vital capacity and grip strength were evaluated.Results:(1)The individual conditions of health fitness were as follows:the pass rate of vital capacity was 54.7%,the pass rate of grip strength was 64.3%,the pass rate of sit and reach was 71.3%,the pass rate of dynamic balance was 51.3%,the normal rate of blood pressure was 31.1%,the normal rate of BMI index was 48.2%,and the normal rate of bone mass was 49.2%;The total HRQoL score was 83.63±11.79(full score 100,unqualified below 60 points),with 5.5%unqualified,8.0%qualified,16.1%good,70.4%excellent.(2)With age and exercise participation as covariates,partial correlation analysis was conducted between healthy physical fitness and HRQoL.There was a significant positive correlation between some indicators of physical fitness(vital capacity,grip strength,sit and reach and dynamic balance)and HRQoL(P<0.05),but none of the correlation coefficients were high.(3)The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that participation in other sports,bone health and sit and reach were favorable influencing factors for achieving excellent HRQoL level(P<0.05).Conclusion:Long-term participation in square dancing practice has a positive impact on the health level of exercisers.Despite higher scores in various dimensions of HRQoL and higher quality of life,the results of some indicators of healthy physical fitness are still not satisfactory and yet to be further improved.There are some differences between the results of physical fitness and HRQoL,but they are still positively correlated,among which bone health,flexibility fitness(sit and reach)and participation in other sports are the main factors to achieve the excellent level of HRQoL.