日常性家务劳动对老年健康状况的影响及其作用路径

The Impact of Routine Household Chores on Health Status Among Older Adults and Its Pathways of Action

基于第六次中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)的横断面数据,探究家务劳动对老年健康状况的影响及作用路径,旨在为我国健康老龄化政策的精准布局提供参考依据。采用多元线性回归方法分析日常性家务劳动对自评健康的影响。发现日常性家务劳动对老年人自评健康状况有负面影响(β=-0.077,P<0.01),在性别上对老年男性自评健康有明显的负面影响(β=-0.085,P<0.01),而对老年女性的影响不显著(P>0.05)。不同社会经济地位在日常性家务与老年人自评健康之间的调节作用是不同的,低社会经济地位(SES)老年群体的影响最大(β=-0.368,P<0.001),中SES群体次之,高SES群体基本不受影响。不论是体育锻炼参与还是抑郁情况在日常性家务劳动作用老年健康过程中都发挥着遮掩效应,效应量分别为4.52%和21.6%。研究表明在当前中国社会结构和传统文化情境下,经常从事日常性家务劳动不利于老年健康,特别是老年男性。提高老年人的社会经济地位,有助于调节家务劳动带给老年人健康的负面影响。通过提高体育锻炼参与和降低抑郁情况的作用路径,可以有效发挥家务劳动对老年人健康的正向影响。

The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of household chores on the health status and its action pathway in Chinese older adults based on the sixth cross-section data of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS),aiming to provide a reference for the accurate layout of China's healthy aging policy.Multiple linear regression method was used to analyze the influence of housework on self-reported health.The results showed that routine household tasks had a negative effect on the health status of the elderly(β=-0.077,P<0.01),and a significant negative effect on the elderly men(β=-0.085,P<0.01),but no significant effect on the elderly women(P>0.05).Different socioeconomic status(SES)has different role in moderating routine household tasks and self-reported health of the elderly.The elderly group with lower SES had the greatest effect(β=-0.368,P<0.001),followed by the middle SES group,and the high SES group was basically unaffected.Both physical exercise participation and depression play a masking effects in the influence of routine household tasks on the health status of the elderly,with effect size of 4.52%and 21.6%,respectively.The research shows that,in the current Chinese social structure and traditional cultural context,frequent daily housework is not conducive to the health of the elderly,especially the elderly men.Improving the socioeconomic status of the elderly can help to moderate the negative effects of housework on the health of the elderly.The positive effects of housework on the health status of the elderly can be effectively brought into play by improving physical exercise participation and reducing depression.