昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区土壤理化性质空间分布及影响因素

Spatial Distribution of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Influencing Factors in Changli Gold Coast National Nature Reserve

【目的】探究昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区土壤理化性质空间分布特征,为建立保护区植被生态系统的良性循环提供科学参考。【方法】采用1000 m×1000 m网格取样的方法确定57个采样点,分别采集0~10 cm和10~20 cm土壤样品进行理化性质测定,利用克里金插值法进行空间制图,根据相关分析和方差分析探讨影响因素。【结果】保护区土壤理化性质水平分异明显,距海越远,部分理化性质指标值越高;土壤质地主要分为砂土、壤质砂土、砂质壤土及粉壤土四类,其中砂土占70%左右,砂粒含量达到85%~100%;七里海实验区西部为盐土,全盐量为5.22 g/kg,沿海以非盐化和轻度盐化为主。各指标间显著相关,其中土壤容重与含水量、养分指标呈显著负相关;除容重外,土壤含水量与其他6种指标之间呈显著正相关;4种养分指标之间互为正相关关系,pH值与有效磷、速效钾及全盐量呈显著正相关。此外,土壤理化性质分布格局受距海岸线距离、土地利用类型、土壤类型等因素的影响。其中距海岸线距离因素所起作用较大;耕地土壤含水量和养分含量显著高于林地、草地和未利用地;与潮土和滨海盐土相比,滨海风沙土的土壤容重较高,但含水量、有机质含量、全盐量和pH值较低。【结论】七里海实验区西部树种选择应以耐盐碱植物为主,陆域缓冲区、陆域核心区南部和金沙湾实验区应选择耐旱、抗风的良种壮苗。

【Objective】The study was carried out to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties in Changli Gold Coast National Nature Reserve,with an aim to provide scientific references for establishing a virtuous cycle of vegetation ecosystem in the reserve.【Method】Fifty-seven sampling sites were determined by 1000 m×1000 m grid sampling method,and 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil samples were collected for physical and chemical properties determination.The kriging interpolation method was used for spatial mapping,and the main influencing factors were discussed according to correlation analysis and variance analysis.【Result】The soil physical and chemical properties of the reserve showed obvious spatial heterogeneity in the horizontal direction,and the farther away from the sea,the higher value of some physical and chemical property indexes.The soil texture was mainly divided into four categories:sand,loamy sand,sandy loam and silty loam,of which sand accounted for about 70%,with the sand content reaching 85%-100%.The western Qilihai experimental area was salinized with the total salt quantity of 5.22 g/kg.The coastal area was mainly non-salinized and mildly salinized.There were significant correlations among the indexes,soil bulk density was negatively correlated with water content and nutrient indexes.In addition to bulk density,soil water content was significantly positively correlated with the other six indexes.The four nutrient indexes were positively correlated with each other,and the pH value was significantly positively correlated with available phosphorus,available potassium and total salt quantity.In addition,the distribution pattern of soil physical and chemical properties was affected by factors such as the distance from the coastline,land use type and soil type.The distance from the soastline played a significant role.The water and nutrients content of farm land were significantly higher than those of wood land,grassland and unused land.Compared with tidal soil and coastal salt soil,coastal aeolian sand soil had higher soil bulk density,lower water content,organic matter content,total salt quantity and pH value.【Conclusion】In the western Qilihai experimental area,saline-alkali tolerant plants should be selected as the main species,and drought-tolerant and wind-resistant tolerant seedlings should be selected in the land buffer area,the southern land core area and the Jinshawan experimental area.