锌锰硼配施对雪茄烟叶光合特性、碳氮代谢及品质的影响

Effects of combined application of zinc,manganese and boron on photosynthetic characteristics,carbon and nitrogen metabolism and quality of cigar leaves

为探究配施不同比例锌锰硼元素对雪茄烟叶光合特性、碳氮代谢和品质的影响,以‘德雪1号’为试材,对雪茄烟生育期质体色素含量、净光合速率、碳氮代谢酶活及发酵后烟叶化学成分、锌锰硼元素含量进行分析。结果表明:(1)配施不同比例的锌锰硼元素均能提高雪茄烟烟叶质体色素含量、净光合速率以及烟叶淀粉酶、硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性和碳氮代谢产物含量,碳氮代谢更为协调;(2)处理间比较,T2处理(Zn∶Mn∶B=4∶4∶3)较CK(Zn∶Mn∶B=0∶0∶0)发酵后烟叶总糖、还原糖含量分别增加51.39%、66.67%,烟碱、总氮含量分别降低12.08%、20.22%,Zn、Mn、B含量分别提高0.17、1.98、0.65倍,钾氯比、氮碱比协调性较好,符合优质雪茄烟叶生产要求。综上可得,四川省什邡雪茄烟产区宜采用T2处理(Zn∶Mn∶B=4∶4∶3)的锌、锰、硼元素配施比例,T3处理(Zn∶Mn∶B=2∶3∶2)次之,可显著增强雪茄烟叶的光合特性、碳氮代谢强度,改善烟叶品质。

To investigate the effects of different ratios of zinc(Zn),manganese(Mn)and boron(B)elements on photosynthetic characteristics,carbon and nitrogen metabolism,and quality of cigar tobacco leaves,the variety of‘Dexue 1’was selected as the experimental material,and the stromal pigment content,net photosynthetic rate,carbon,nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity,the chemical composition of fermented tobacco leaves and Zn,Mn and B element contents of the tobacco were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)The application of Zn,Mn and B at different ratios increased the stromal pigment content,net photosynthetic rate and the Zn,Mn and B contents of cigar tobacco leaves,improved the activities of amylase(AL),nitrate reductase(NR),glutamine synthetase(GS)and carbon and nitrogen metabolites,and coordinated the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of tobacco plants.(2)Compared with CK(Zn∶Mn∶B=0∶0∶0),the content of total sugar and reducing sugar in T2 treatment(Zn∶Mn∶B=4∶4∶3)increased by 51.39%and 66.67%,respectively,the content of nicotine and total nitrogen decreased by 12.08%and 20.22%,respectively,the content of Zn,Mn,and B increased by 0.17,1.98 and 0.65 times,respectively,the ratio of potassium to chlorine and the ratio of nitrogen to alkali was better,which met the production requirements of high-quality cigar leaves.In conclusion,it could be concluded that the Zn,Mn and B ratio of the T2 treatment(Zn∶Mn∶B=4∶4∶3)and T3 treatment(Zn∶Mn∶B=2∶3∶2)was suitable for the production of cigar tobacco in Shifang city,Sichuan province,which could significantly enhance the photosynthetic characteristics,carbon and nitrogen metabolism intensity and improve the quality of cigar tobacco,and provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for the production of high-quality cigar tobacco in Shifang city,Sichuan province.