大麦主要病害及抗病育种研究进展

Research Progress on Main Diseases and Disease Resistance Breeding of Barley

从传播途径、发病症状、危害和防治等方面对大麦根腐病、条纹病和黑穗病等3种主要病害进行综述,并对大麦抗病遗传基因的发掘与利用及抗病育种等方面的研究进展进行了梳理,对现有种质资源包括栽培品种、农家种和野生种进行抗病性筛选鉴定,摸清大麦根腐病、条纹病和黑穗病的致病优势小种及其地理分布,编制大麦根腐病、条纹病和黑穗病抗性目录,扩宽抗源种质基础,解决抗源和品种单一化问题,对大麦根腐病、条纹病和黑穗病病害防控和抗性育种有重要意义。指出常规育种辅助单倍体育种和分子标记辅助育种是未来育种的发展方向。今后,应建立完善的抗病育种技术体系,加强抗病育种技术的研究和开发,强化抗病育种的国际合作与交流,注重抗病育种与环境保护的协调发展,加强抗病育种技术的推广和应用。

This paper reviews the research progress of barley root rot,stripe disease and smut from the aspects of transmission route,symptoms,harm and control,and summarizes the research progress in the discovery and utilization of disease resistance genes and breeding for disease resistance in barley.The existing germplasm resources,including cultivars,farm varieties and wild varieties,are screened and identified for disease resistance.The discovery of the dominant races of barley root rot,stripe and smut diseases,along with their geographical distribution.The compilation of a catalogue of resistance to these plant diseases and the expansion of the germplasm base for resistance,addressing the issue of homogenization of resistance and varieties.It is crucial for the prevention and control of these plant diseases,as well as for resistance breeding.It is pointed out that conventional breeding-assisted haploid breeding and molecular marker-assisted breeding are the development direction of future breeding.In the future,we should establish a perfect technology system for disease resistance breeding,strengthen the research and development of disease resistance breeding technology,strengthen the international cooperation and exchange of disease resistance breeding,pay attention to the coordinated development of disease resistance breeding and environmental protection,and strengthen the popularization and application of disease resistance breeding technology.