2008—2017年登陆海南岛台风引发陆地及其近海闪电特征分析

Analysis of lightning characteristics on land and its adjacent seas triggered by typhoons landing on Hainan Island from 2008 to 2017

利用2008—2017年海南闪电定位监测网资料,统计登陆海南岛的台风,分析其引发的闪电活动特征,探讨海南岛岛上和近海台风闪电活动时空分布特征及其与台风强度和路径突变的关系,并对比台风登陆前后闪电活动变化。结果表明:南海夏季风与登陆海南台风闪电活动关系密切,冷空气活动越强闪电活动越弱,海温越强闪电活动越强。登陆台风闪电活动在夏季偏强,秋季逐渐减弱,春季最弱。闪电活动空间分布为台风中心的西北象限最多,东北象限其次,东南象限最少;台风中心北部多于南部,而北部中又以西北部多于东北部,东南部最少。闪电活动总体为台风移动方向左侧多于右侧,左侧中以左后方明显偏多。大部分台风中心在海上时的平均闪电频次大于陆地,少部分台风在登陆和出海阶段伴随闪电的爆发,部分台风登陆前后会产生闪电活动空间分布转换。登陆海南岛台风引发的在陆地及其近海的闪电活动强度与台风强度间无明显相关关系,闪电的爆发对台风登陆前的强度持续增强或维持有一定的指示作用。

The data of Hainan lightning location monitoring network from 2008 to 2017 were used to analyze the characteristics of lightning activity triggered by typhoons landing in Hainan Island.The spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of lightning activity of typhoons on land and offshore in Hainan Island and its relationship with typhoon intensity and path change were analyzed,and the changes of lightning activity before and after typhoon landing were compared.The results show that the South China Sea summer monsoon is closely related to the lightning activity of typhoons landing in Hainan.The stronger the cold air activity,the weaker the lightning activity,and the stronger the sea temperature,the stronger the lightning activity.The lightning activity of the landing typhoon is relatively strong in summer,gradually weakening in autumn,and the weakest in spring.The spatial distribution of lightning activity was the most in the northwest quadrant of the typhoon center,followed by the northeast quadrant and the southeast quadrant.The typhoon center is more in the north than in the south,and in the north,the northwest is more than the northeast,and the southeast is the least.The lightning activity was more on the left side than on the right side of the typhoon moving direction,and the lightning activity was more on the left side than on the left side.The average lightning frequency of most typhoons is greater than that of land when the center of the typhoon is at sea.A few typhoons are accompanied by lightning outbreak during the landing and sailing stages,and some typhoons have spatial distribution conversion of lightning activity before and after landing.There is no obvious correlation between the intensity of lightning activity on land and offshore caused by typhoon landing on Hainan Island and the intensity of typhoon.The outbreak of lightning has a certain indication effect on the continuous enhancement or maintenance of the intensity of typhoon before landing.