中国的干部成长:海外学界视角下的地方官员升迁与激励机制

The Growth of Officials in China:Promotion and Incentive Mechanisms of Local Officials from the Perspective of Overseas Scholars

随着中国政治领域的改革取得举世瞩目的成就,海外学者关于当代中国的研究聚焦于中国党政体制运行过程中的具体制度,地方官员的政治晋升激励机制成为核心议题之一。基于党领导下的“组织—行为—制度”理论分析框架,审视和归纳海外学者研究中国地方官员晋升中的组织、行为和制度三个维度,将有助于理解这一相互作用的激励体系。组织维度看,中国特色党政体制的组织结构为地方官员追求政治晋升提供了行动空间;行为维度看,政治晋升物质激励和精神激励的双重作用,为地方官员提供了行为动机和工作动力;制度维度看,干部任命制度、干部考核制度以及晋升锦标赛体制,均为政治晋升激励效能的有效发挥提供了制度保障。从中国政治现实出发,地方官员存在谋求政治晋升以外的工作动力,这种工作动力产生于中国特色的组织培养选拔模式,表现为自发推动组织发展的政治忠诚。当前研究需要在构建中国本土学术话语体系下,进一步探究激发地方官员促进地方发展的动力机制。

With the remarkable achievements of China’s political reform,overseas scholars’research on contemporary China has focused on the specific systems in the operation of China’s party and government systems,and the political promotion and incentive mechanisms of local leading officials have become one of the core topics.Based on the“organization-behavior-system”theoretical framework under the leadership of the Party,overseas scholars have reviewed and evaluated the research results from three dimensions:organization,behavior,and system.In general,these three dimensions constitute an interactive incentive system.They have analyzed and dissected the organizational structure,behavioral subjects,and institutional arrangements that affect the political promotion of local officials and their incentive effectiveness,providing novel perspectives and useful insights for understanding these mechanisms.However,their views are inevitably constrained by Western-center perspectives.From the perspective of China’s political reality,local officials have intrinsic motivation other than seeking political promotion,which results from the organizational training and selection model with Chinese characteristics and is manifested as political loyalty to spontaneously promote organizational development.Current research needs to further explore the intrinsic motivation of local officials to promote local development.This should be done under the framework of constructing a localized academic discourse system in China.