考虑新能源消纳的黄河上游水电站群生态优化调度研究

Ecological optimal scheduling of hydropower stations on the upper Yellow River considering renewable energy accommodation

为降低黄河上游水电站群调度中新能源消纳对河流径流情势和生态完整度的影响,以河流径流情势变化最小、水电站群发电量最大、发电出力平稳性最高为目标,建立了风水光多能互补系统生态调度模型,采用多目标进化算法求解,探讨了多能互补系统发电出力、新能源消纳及河流生态保护之间的均衡关系。结果表明:水电站群发电量和河流生态保护目标之间呈现明显的竞争关系,多能互补系统的发电出力波动越大,水电站群发电量越大,径流情势变化也越大;入库径流量越大,水电站群生态调度对径流情势的影响越小;多能互补系统生态调度对径流情势的影响主要集中在年发生高/低流量脉冲次数和流量平均增加率/减少率这两项指标,在枯水年发电量最大的调度结果中,年发生低流量脉冲次数和流量平均减少率指标的变化最大。

To mitigate the impacts of renewable energy accommodation on the river flow regime and ecological integrity in scheduling of hydropower stations on the upper Yellow River,a multi-energy complementary system ecological scheduling model was established with the objectives of minimizing variations in river flow regime,maximizing power generation of hydropower stations,and ensuring the highest stability of generation output.A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm was employed to explore the balance among the generation output of the multi-energy complementary system,renewable energy accommodation,and ecosystem protection of rivers.The results indicate a clear competitive relationship between power generation of hydropower stations and river ecosystem protection objectives.The larger the fluctuation in generation output of the multi-energy complementary system,the greater the power generation of hydropower stations and the larger the variation in river flow regime.Moreover,the larger the inflow volume,the smaller the impacts of ecological scheduling of hydropower stations on river flow regime,and the impacts are mainly concentrated on the indicators,including the numbers of annual occurrences of high/low flow pulses and the average increase/decrease rate of flow.In the scheduling results with maximum power generation in dry years,the indicators of the number of annual occurrence of low flow pulses and average decrease rate of flow have the greatest changes.