交通安全意识对非机动车骑行者危险骑行行为的影响研究

Impacts of Traffic Safety Awareness on Risky Riding Behaviors among Non-Motorized Cyclists

安全意识在促进安全行为方面发挥着重要作用,但由于安全意识具有多维性和复杂性,难以直接测量。为探究交通安全意识对危险骑行行为的影响,通过云模型选取安全态度、危险认知、安全素质和外界环境这4个潜变量,作为影响交通安全意识的结构要素,并基于调查问卷数据开展实证研究。运用Mplus 8.0软件构建“交通安全意识-危险骑行行为”结构方程模型,量化交通安全意识各要素作用于危险骑行行为的因果链路。采用Bootstrap法检验安全素质、危险认知和安全态度的中介作用,梳理外界环境对危险骑行行为的直接和间接关系;再利用分层回归模型,验证交通安全知识在交通安全意识与危险骑行行为间的调节效应。研究结果表明:①结构方程模型拟合良好,交通安全意识的4个要素分别与危险骑行行为呈显著的负相关,其中,危险认知对无意行为的影响最大(-0.331),安全态度对有意行为的影响最大(-0.332);②中介效应显示外界环境作为外生变量可直接作用于行为,也可通过安全素质、危险认知和安全态度对骑行者的行为产生影响;③交通安全知识的调节作用显著(ΔR^(2)=0.017,P<0.05),该变量强化了交通安全意识与危险骑行行为的负向影响关系,其简单斜率关系表明,当骑行者交通安全知识水平较高时,交通安全意识对危险骑行行为的作用效果更强。

Traffic safety awareness(TSA)of cyclists plays a crucial role in promoting safe behavior,but it is difficult to directly measure due to its multidimensionality and complexity.To investigate the impact of TSA on risky riding behavior(RRB),safety attitude,risk cognition,safety quality,and external environment are selected as the structural elements(or TSA elements)by using the cloud model,and the empirical research is carried out based on questionnaire data.The“TSA-RRB”structural equation model is developed,and the causal pathway from each TSA element to RRB is quantified by Mplus 8.0.The Bootstrap method is applied to verify the mediating roles of safety quality,risk cognition,and safety attitude,and the direct and indirect relationships between the external environment and RRB are sorted;subsequently,a hierarchical regression model is employed to validate the moderating effect of traffic safety knowledge(TSK)between TSA and RRB.The findings of this research are concluded as follows.①the proposed structural equation model fits well with questionnaire data,and four TSA elements all have significant negative correlations with RRB.Specifically,risk cognition has the most considerable impact on unintentional behavior(-0.331),while safety attitude displays the greatest influence on intentional behavior(-0.332).②Mediating effects show that the external environment,as an exogenous variable,could either directly act on riding behavior or indirectly affect the behavior through other TSA elements such as safety quality,risk cognition,and safety attitude.③The moderation effect of TSK is significant(ΔR^(2)=0.017,P<0.05),enhancing the negative correlations between TSA and RRB,and the simple slope relationship between TSA and RRB implies that the effect of TSA on RRB is strengthened when the level of TSK is high.