民国时期的童书业与唯物史观史学

Tong Shuye and Historical Materialism in the Republic of China

民国时期,作为史料派阵营的童书业,因受陈独秀、郭沫若的影响,从学术研究起步时就给予唯物史观史学很大的关注。此外,童书业对唯物史观史学的看法,还部分受到傅安华的影响。童书业一方面批评唯物史观史学在考证上的错误,认为其存在公式主义先行的弊病,另一方面又运用唯物史观史学中重视经济因素、通贯的理论及辩证法来解释中外历史,试图引领实现考据与义理并重的学风。纵向来看,童书业对唯物史观的认知经历了一个不断深入与丰富的过程。抗日战争结束后,童书业提出学术界的潮流由向外的考据学研究渐次转移为向内道理的探求,具有深刻的历史眼光。

During the Republic of China period,Tong Shuye,as a member of the historical materials school,was influenced by Chen Duxiu and Guo Moruo.From the beginning of academic research,he paid great attention to the materialist historiography of history.In addition,Tong Shuye’s views on historical materialism are also partially influenced by Fu Anhua.On the one hand,Tong Shuye criticizes the errors in the textual research of the materialist historiography,believing that it has the drawback of being formulaic first.On the other hand,he uses the economic factors,coherent theories,and dialectics in the materialist historiography to explain Chinese and foreign history,attempting to lead the realization of a learning style that emphasizes both textual research and theory.From a vertical perspective,Tong Shuye‘s understanding of historical materialism has gone through a process of continuous deepening and enrichment.After the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan,Tong Shuye proposed that the academic trend gradually shifted from external textual research to internal exploration of truth,with a profound historical perspective.