高寒地区临时建筑冬季供暖系统技术经济性分析—以青海格尔木为例

Technical and Economic Analysis of Heating System for Temporary Buildings in Winter in High and Cold Regions:A Case Study of Golmud,Qinghai Province

临时建筑因其可拆卸移动、便于运输组装的特点,在高寒地区具有广阔的应用前景。但临时建筑本身的保温能力差,导致建筑供暖能耗大大增加,加之临时建筑使用寿命周期短。因此,在选择供暖方案时应更注重经济性与技术性的结合。利用DeST软件对某一临时建筑在青海格尔木地区气候条件下的全年冷、热负荷进行了动态模拟。模拟结果表明,该建筑在格尔木地区的全年累计热负荷为60287.58kWh,全年累计冷负荷为134052.39kWh,格尔木地区冷负荷约为热负荷的2.2倍,绝大部分冷负荷是由厨房炊事和暖棚造成的。当地夏季凉爽,自然通风即可改善室内热舒适而无需空调,故仅需考虑冬季供暖。在分析该临时建筑的采暖方案时,选取了分体式采暖、柴油取暖机、锅炉房+散热器三种采暖方案。柴油取暖机采暖方案的初始投资费用和年运行费用均为最低,分别为2.5万元和14.08万元。结合技术性和经济性综合分析,柴油取暖机为该临时建筑的最优采暖方案。

The temporary building has a wide application prospect in high and cold area because of its detachable,movable and convenient transportation and assembly.However,the poor thermal insulation capacity of temporary buildings leads to a significant increase in building heating energy consumption,coupled with short life cycle of temporary buildings.Therefore,in the choice of heating scheme should pay more attention to the combination of economy and technology.In this paper,the annual cold and heat loads of a temporary building in Golmud area of Qinghai province are simulated by DeST software.The simulation results show that the annual cumulative heat load of the building in Golmud is 60287.58 kWh,and the annual cumulative cooling load is 134052.39 kWh.The cooling load in Golmud is about 2.2 times of the heat load,most of the cooling load is caused by kitchen cooking and greenhouses.Local cool summer,natural ventilation can improve indoor thermal comfort without air conditioning,so we only consider heating in winter.When analyzing the heating scheme of the temporary building,three heating schemes of split type heating,diesel heating machine and boiler room radiator are selected.The initial investment cost and annual operation cost of the heating scheme of diesel heater are the lowest,which are 25,000 yuan and 140,800 yuan respectively.Combined with the technical and economic analysis,the diesel heater is the optimal heating scheme for the temporary building.