人口转型视域下职业教育提升人口红利对策研究

Research on the Countermeasures of Vocational Education to Improve the Demographic Dividend from the Perspective of Demographic Transition

随着我国人口内生性负增长不断加剧,为稳定社会经济活动所依赖的人力资源总量,通过释放职业教育红利全面提升人力资本以追寻质量型人口红利成为我国人口红利发展新向度。人口数量规模和质量效益两个维度下的人力资本积累是人口转型期人口高质量发展的本质诉求,与职业教育高质量发展在劳动者培育、教育资本积累、支撑经济社会发展三个方面形成内涵对应关系。据此,在澄清职业教育提升人口红利的现实问题与价值诉求基础上,以劳动参与率、教育资源、劳动者数量、劳动者素质、平均受教育年限、劳动生产率为改善目标,提出职业教育应对稳固数量型人口红利且向质量型人口红利过渡的基础对策和效益对策。

With the increasing negative endogenous growth of the population in our country,stabiliz⁃ing the total human resources relied on by social and economic activities,it has become a new direction of demographic dividend in our country by releasing vocational education dividend and comprehensively im⁃proving human capital in pursuit of the qualitative demographic dividend.The human capital accumulation under the two dimensions of population size and quality benefit is the essential demand for high-quality population development during the demographic transition period,and the high-quality development of vo⁃cational education forms a connotation corresponding relationship with the three aspects of labor cultiva⁃tion,educational capital accumulation,and support for economic and social development.Thus,based on clarifying the practical problems and value demands of vocational education to enhance the demographic dividend,and taking the labor participation rate,educational resource,numbers of laborers,quality of labor⁃ers,average years of education,and labor productivity as the improvement goal,the basic countermeasures and benefit countermeasures for vocational education to stabilize the quantitative demographic dividend and transition to the qualitative demographic dividend are proposed.