玉米品种及配置模式对湖南大豆玉米带状复合种植产量及效益的影响

Effects of Maize and Different Field Configurationgs on the Yield and Benefits under Soybean and Maize Intercropping System in Hunan Province

为提升湖南大豆、玉米生产水平,提高单位土地面积上粮食的产量和效益,保障我国粮食安全,以玉米紧凑型品种登海605、半紧凑型品种湘荟玉1号、平展型品种正大999和大豆品种湘春2704为试验材料,对3种不同玉米大豆行比田间配置(2∶4、2∶3、4∶6)的带状复合种植模式的产量与经济效益进行比较。结果表明:玉米品种类型显著影响间作复合种植玉米的株高、倒伏率及产量;紧凑型、半紧凑型和平展型玉米平均株高分别为2.63、2.76、2.87 m,平均倒伏率分别为1.51%、1.91%、12.5%,平均产量分别为8194.5、8137.9、7125.1 kg/hm^(2);玉米大豆行比显著影响复合种植玉米的产量、倒伏率和倒折率等,玉米大豆行比为2∶4和2∶3的模式玉米产量显著高于4∶6模式。紧凑型和半紧凑型玉米复合种植模式下的大豆产量显著高于平展型玉米复合种植模式,且玉米大豆行比2∶4模式下大豆的平均产量显著高于其他2种行比模式。不同玉米大豆行比模式的综合效益排序为:2∶4>2∶3>4∶6>单作模式。综合分析,在邵阳地区开展大豆玉米带状复合种植,宜选择紧凑型和半紧凑型的玉米品种,玉米大豆行比以2∶4较好。

In order to improve the production level of soybean and corn in Hunan,increase the output and income of grain per unit land area,and ensure the food security of our country.The maize variety Denghai 605 with compact plant type,Xianghuiyu No.1 with semicompact plant type,Zhengda 999 with flat plant type and soybean variety Xiangchun 2704 were used as experimental materials,the yield and economic benefits of three banded compound planting patterns with different row ratios of corn and soybean(2∶4,2∶3,4∶6)were compared.The results showed that the type of maize varieties significantly affected the plant height,lodging rate and yield of intercropping maize.The average plant height of compact,semicompact and flat corn was 2.63,2.76,2.87 m respectively;the average lodging rate was 1.51%,1.91%and 12.5%respectively;and the average yield was 8194.5,8137.9 and 7125.1 kg/hm^(2)respectively.The row ratio of corn to soybean significantly affected the yield,lodging rate and discount rate of maize in multi-cropping system.The yield of corn with 2∶4 and 2∶3 row ratio of corn to soybean was significantly higher than that of 4∶6 model.The soybean yield of compact and semicompact corn combined cropping mode was significantly higher than that of flat corn compound cropping mode,and the average yield of soybean under 2∶4 row ratio mode was significantly higher than that of the other two row ratio patterns.The comprehensive benefit order of different maize-soybean row ratio models was 2∶4>2∶3>4∶6>monoculture mode.According to the comprehensive analysis,compact and semi-compact corn varieties should be selected,and the row ratio of corn to soybean should be set as 2∶4 in the belt compound planting of soybean and corn in Shaoyang area.