28份大刍草种质资源表型多样性分析

Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of 28 Germplasm Resources of Teosinte

大刍草(Zea mays subsp.parviglumis)是禾本科玉蜀黍属的一年生草本植物,具有产量高、品质优良和再生性强等特性。为了解大刍草种质资源的表型遗传多样性,以28份来源于墨西哥的大刍草种质资源为材料,于2022年6月在湖南省浏阳市沿溪镇湖南农业大学科研基地开展大田试验,对不同材料的性状进行比较分析。结果表明:28份大刍草种质存在丰富的性状变异,聚类分析将参试材料划分为3个类群,其中A组的茎粗和千粒质量较高,B组的叶长、叶宽、株高、穗长和穗位高较高,C组的分蘖数较多,可用于进一步筛选优良的个体。主成分分析显示,主成分1与株高、茎粗、穗位高和叶长有关,且株高对其贡献率最大;而穗位高对主成分2的贡献率最大。相关分析表明,株高与茎粗、叶长、叶宽、分蘖、穗位高和千粒质量相关性较强,且各数量性状间均具有一定的相关性。综合分析,高秆、多分蘖、粗秆的亲本材料可用于选育高产优质的饲用大刍草和青贮玉米品种。

Teosinte(Zea mays subsp.parviglumis)is an annual herbaceous plant of the gramineous family maize.It has the characteristics of high yield,good quality and strong reproducibility.In order to understand the phenotypic genetic diversity of teosinte germplasm resources,a field experiment was conducted in June 2022 in the research base of Hunan Agricultural University,Yanxi Town,Liuyang City,Hunan Province,to compare and analyze the characters of 28 teosinte germplasm re sources from Mexico.The results showed that the 28 teosinte germplasm had abundant character variation,and the samples were divided into 3 groups by cluster analysis,among which group A had higher stem diameter and thousand grain mass,group B had higher leaf length,leaf width,plant height,ear length and ear height,and group C had more tillering numbers,which could be used for further screening of excellent individuals.Principal component analysis showed that principal com ponent 1 was related to plant height,stem diameter,ear height and leaf length,and the contribution rate of plant height was the largest.Ear height had the greatest contribution to principal component 2.Correlation analysis showed that plant height was highly correlated with stem diameter,leaf length,leaf width,tillering,ear height and thousand grain mass,and there was a certain correlation among each quantitative character.The results showed that the high culm,high tillering and coarse culm parental materials could be used for breeding the forage teosinte and silage maize varieties with high yield and high quality.