大学生昼夜节律与睡眠质量的关系:特质焦虑和睡眠信念态度的链式中介作用

Relationship between circadian rhythm and sleep quality in university students:the chain mediation roles of trait anxiety and sleep beliefs and attitudes

目的探究在大学生群体中昼夜节律类型与睡眠质量之间的关系,明确特质焦虑和睡眠信念态度在其中所起的中介作用。方法采用便利抽样的方法对某医学院大学生进行线上调查,使用清晨型与夜晚型量表-5项(MEQ-5)、特质焦虑量表(T-AI)、简易睡眠信念和态度量表(DBAS-16)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)分别评估大学生的昼夜节律类型、特质焦虑水平、睡眠信念态度和睡眠质量。采用Pearson相关分析和中介效应分析探讨昼夜节律类型、特质焦虑水平、睡眠信念态度和睡眠质量之间的关系。结果共回收问卷238份,有效问卷233份,有效率为97.9%。Pearson相关分析结果显示昼夜节律类型、特质焦虑水平、睡眠信念态度和睡眠质量4个变量两两之间呈显著相关(均P<0.01)。以昼夜节律类型为自变量、睡眠质量为因变量、特质焦虑水平和睡眠信念态度为中介变量进行中介效应分析,结果显示特质焦虑水平的中介效应量(MEQ-5→T-AI→PSQI)占总效应的30.48%(r=-0.128,95%CI-0.211~-0.066),睡眠信念态度的中介效应量(MEQ-5→DBAS-16→PSQI)占总效应的12.62%(r=-0.053,95%CI-0.106~-0.014),特质焦虑水平和睡眠信念态度的链式中介效应量(MEQ-5→T-AI→DBAS-16→PSQI)占总效应的11.19%(r=-0.047,95%CI-0.085~-0.022)。结论大学生的昼夜节律类型能够负向预测其睡眠质量,特质焦虑水平和睡眠信念态度在其中起链式中介作用。

Objective To investigate the relationship between circadian rhythm type and sleep quality among university students,and to clarify the mediating roles of trait anxiety and sleep beliefs and attitudes.Methods An online survey was conducted among university students at a medical school by convenience sampling method.The circadian rhythm types,trait anxiety levels,sleep beliefs and attitudes,and sleep quality were evaluated by the morning and evening questionnaire-5(MEQ-5),trait anxiety inventory(T-AI),brief version of dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep scale-16(DBAS-16),and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),respectively.Pearson correlation analysis and mediation analysis were employed to examine the relationships between circadian rhythm types,trait anxiety levels,sleep beliefs and attitudes,and sleep quality.Results A total of 238 questionnaires were collected and 233 were valid,with an effective rate of 97.9%.Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between circadian rhythm type,trait anxiety level,sleep beliefs and attitudes,and sleep quality(all P<0.01).The mediating effect was examined with circadian rhythm type as independent variable,sleep quality as dependent variable,and trait anxiety level and sleep beliefs and attitudes as mediating variables.The mediating effect of the trait anxiety level(MEQ-5→T-AI→PSQI)accounted for 30.48%of the total effect(r=-0.128,95%confidence interval[CI]-0.211 to-0.066).The mediating effect of the sleep beliefs and attitudes(MEQ-5→DBAS-16→PSQI)accounted for 12.62%of the total effect(r=-0.053,95%CI-0.106 to-0.014).The chain mediating effects of the trait anxiety level and sleep beliefs and attitudes(MEQ-5→T-AI→DBAS-16→PSQI)accounted for 11.19%of the total effect(r=-0.047,95%CI-0.085 to-0.022).Conclusion The circadian rhythm type of university students can negatively predict their sleep quality,and the trait anxiety level and sleep beliefs and attitudes play mediating roles.