普通高中与空军青少年航空学校高三学生抗荷体质差异分析

Differences in anti-G constitution between graduates of general high school and teenagers aviation school of air force

目的对比空军青少年航空学校(青航校)与普通高中高三学生招飞抗荷体质相关指标差异,探索青少年航空学校抗荷体质训练成果,为训练方案优化提供科学依据。方法随机抽取参加2022年空军招飞医学选拔定选阶段的160名青航校高三学员与191名普通高中高三学生作为研究对象,其中青航校学员按照既定培养方案在高中阶段接受专项抗荷体质训练,普通高中生体育锻炼情况通过问卷调查收集。收集两组研究对象的人体尺寸、体重、身体成分、肌肉力量等指标并进行比较分析。参照WHO标准将体脂率分为低(<15%)、正常(15%~20%)、高(>20%)3个等级,采用四分位数法将骨骼肌质量指数(SMI)分为低(SMI≤下四分位数)、适中(下四分位数<SMI<上四分位数)、高(SMI≥上四分位数)3个等级,对青航校和普通高中生进行分类统计。同时对所有研究对象的体脂率、SMI与抗荷力量进行相关性分析。结果青航校学员身高、四肢长、平静胸围、体重高于普通高中生(均P<0.05),但两者坐高差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);青航校学员SMI高于普通高中生(P<0.05),但两者体脂率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);青航校学员腰背肌力与下肢肌力的均值和峰值高于普通高中生(均P<0.05)。青航校学员与普通高中生SMI分布存在差异(P<0.01),青航校学员中高SMI学员比例更高、低SMI学员比例更低;青航校学员与普通高中生体脂率分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SMI与抗荷力量(腰背肌力峰值、腰背肌力均值、下肢肌力峰值、下肢肌力均值)呈正相关(r=0.32~0.39,均P<0.05),体脂率与抗荷力量不相关(r=-0.06~0.01,均P>0.05)。结论青航校抗荷体质训练在学员的抗荷相关肌肉力量提高方面成效显著,但在体脂率控制方面仍存在改进空间,未来青航校抗荷体质训练需兼顾肌肉训练与体脂控制。

Objective To compare the anti-G constitution between the graduates of teenagers aviation school of air force(TASAF)and general high school,explore the results of anti-G constitution training project in TASAF,and provide an evidence for training program optimization.Methods A total of 160 senior students in TASAF and 191 general high school graduates who participated in the 2022 final-stage medical selection of PLA air force were randomly enrolled.The students in TASAF received special anti-G constitution training at the high school stage according to the established training program,and the physical exercise of general high school graduates was collected through questionnaires.The body dimensions,body weight,body composition,and muscle strength were collected and compared.WHO standard was used to categorize body fat percentage(BFP)into 3 grades:low(<15%),normal(15%-20%),and high(>20%),the interquartile method was used to categorize skeletal muscle mass index(SMI)into 3 grades:low(SMI≤lower quartile),moderate(lower quartile<SMI<upper quartile),and high(SMI≥upper quartile),and the classification statistics was done for the graduates of the TASAF and general high school.Correlation analysis was used to analyze BFP,SMI and anti-G strength of all study participants.Results The height,limb length,calm chest circumference,and body weight of the TASAF participants were significantly higher than those of the general high school students(all P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in sitting height between them(P>0.05).The SMI of the TASAF participants was significantly higher than that of the general high school students(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in BFP between them(P>0.05).The mean/peak back muscle strength and lower limb muscle strength of the TASAF participants were significantly higher than those of the general high school students(all P<0.05).There was difference in the distribution of SMI between the TASAF and general high school graduates,with a higher percentage of high SMI and a lower percentage of low SMI in the TASAF graduates(P<0.01),while there was no significant difference in the distribution of BFP between the TASAF and general high school graduates(P>0.05).SMI was significantly positively correlated with anti-G strength(peak back muscle strength,mean back muscle strength,peak lower limb muscle strength,mean lower limb muscle strength)(r=0.32-0.39,all P<0.05),while BFP was not significantly correlated with anti-G strength(r=-0.06-0.01,all P>0.05).Conclusion Anti-G constitution training project in the TASAF is effective in improving muscle strength related to anti-G constitution.However,there is still room for improvement in the control of BFP,and in the future anti-G training should take into account both muscle training and body fat control.