知识共生产框架下科技伦理治理主体的基础性功能与其对应的实现方式

The Fundamental Functions and Corresponding Implementation Methods of the Subject of Ethical Governance in Science and Technology Under the Framework of Knowledge Coproduction

发达的经济不仅为科技创新带来了肥沃的土壤,同时也带来了科技伦理方面的隐患。在面对越来越严峻的科技伦理治理挑战时,政府、专家和公众等主体如何达成合作来共同打开科技伦理治理的“黑箱”,是学界关注的重点。选择科技伦理治理中政府、专家和公众这3类具有代表性的重要主体,基于科技伦理治理的内容,对“知识共生产”的概念进行总结,在此基础上,进一步建构科技伦理治理主体的知识共生产研究框架,分析科技伦理治理主体的基础性功能与其对应的实现方式。研究认为,政府(治理知识型生产者)、专家(专业知识型生产者)和公众(助力知识型生产者)共同参与到科技伦理风险问题的治理过程,分别具有政策架构支持、知识储备运用和外在助力推动的基础性功能,并分别通过政策支持实现方式与宏观架构治理方式、知识储备作用方式与知识实践运用方式、现实动因推动方式与外在助力参与方式来发挥政府知识的治理作用、专家知识的专业作用和公众知识的辅助作用,从而实现知识共生产,进而推动科技伦理风险问题的有效解决。进一步提出,未来相关研究可以从框架、视角和理念三方面深入展开。

A developed economy not only provides fertile soil for scientific and technological innovation,but also poses ethical risks in science and technology.In the face of increasingly severe challenges of ethical governance in science and technology,how governments,experts,and the public can collaborate to jointly open the"black box"of ethical governance in science and technology is a focus of academic attention.This paper selects the three representative and important subjects of the government,experts,and the public in the ethical governance in science and technology,summarizes the concept of knowledge coproduction based on the content of ethical governance in science and technology,and further constructs a research framework for knowledge coproduction of the governance subjects,aims to analyze the fundamental functions of the subjects and their corresponding implementation methods.The research believesthat,the government(governing knowledge-based producers),experts(professional knowledgebased producers),and the public(assisting knowledge-based producers)jointly participate in the governance process of ethical risk issues in science and technology.They have fundamental functions of policy framework support,knowledge reserve application,and external assistance promotion,respectively,and play the governance role of government knowledge,the professional role of expert knowledge,and the auxiliary role of public knowledge by the modes of policy support implementation and macro framework governance,the function of knowledge reserve and the use of knowledge practice,and the realistic motivation and external helpparticipation,respectively,so as to achieve knowledge coproduction in this governance process,thereby promoting the effective resolution of ethical risk issues in science and technology.The paper further puts forward that in the future,relevant research can be deeply carried out from three aspects:framework,perspective,and concept.