海外留学如何影响博士毕业生的学术职业选择?——来自全球博士生项目中国调查的证据

Effects of Studying Abroad on Academic Career Choices of Doctoral Graduates:Evidence from a Survey of Global Doctoral Programs in China

海外博士毕业生回国就业热潮日渐兴起,从海外回流国内学术劳动力市场的职业选择倾向及其实现路径迫切需要循证探索。基于2019年和2022年两期全球博士生项目中国微观调查数据,探索海外留学经历对跨入国内学术职业道路的影响路径。研究发现,博士毕业生的学术职业选择高度依赖于固有的人力资本和社会资本双重机制:海归博士在国内学术劳动力市场的比较优势集中在学术能力和通用技能为表征的跨国人力资本上,但在内部社会资本构筑的社会关系网络上处于劣势地位。相较于通用技能和外部社交网络,学术生产力与内部社会资本对海归博士选择国内学术部门的正向推动作用更大。上述发现的政策含义在于不断拓展博士生联合培养渠道和扩大高水平对外开放,建立适应终身就业能力发展的博士生培养体系,分层构建“大学产业政府社会”四螺旋创新生态系统,为博士生未来职业道路构筑多元创新的制度空间。

With the rising upsurge of overseas doctoral graduates returning to China and the change in domestic academic labor market,the tendency of overseas doctoral graduates to return to academic careers and its influencing path urgently require evidence-based exploration.Based on the data of the micro-survey of global doctoral programs in 2019 and 2022,this paper explores the impact of overseas study experience on the path of entering academic career in China.It is found that the academic career choices of doctoral graduates highly rely on the dual inherent mechanisms of human capital and social capital.The overseas doctoral graduates have comparative advantages in transnational human capital characterized by academic ability and generic skills in the domestic academic labor market,but they are at a disadvantage in the social relationship network constructed by internal social capital.Compared with general skills and external social networks,academic productivity and internal social capital have a greater positive impact on promoting the choice of domestic academic departments of overseas doctoral graduates.The policy implications of the above findings lie in the continuous expanding of the joint training channels of doctoral students and maintaining a high level of opening up to the outside world to meet lifelong employability needs,and building a four-helix innovation ecosystem of“university-industry-government-society”in a hierarchical manner,so as to create a diversified and innovative institutional space for the future career path of doctoral graduates.