汉代乐府诗与民间教化

Yuefu Poetry and Edification in Han Dynasty

在“观风俗,知薄厚”的教化理念统摄下,作为汉代文学的重要形式之一,汉乐府诗的不少作品表现了对社会鲜明的教化内容,大体来说包括三个方面:一是倡导家庭伦理,具体包括爱情婚姻伦理、兄弟相处之道;二是为汉代妇女树立时代女性的典范,其中描写了坚贞专一的罗敷、胡姬及持家有方、待客有道的陇西健妇等;三是对世人立身行事进行告诫与劝勉,具体包括告诫世人审慎远行、游子自重自爱,劝诫世人立德修身、谨慎自保,劝勉世人惜时奋进等各个方面。必须清楚一点,乐府诗发挥教化百姓作用,并不单纯是诗歌文本在起作用,而是诗歌、音乐乃至舞台表演综合作用的结果。

As one of the important forms of literature in the Han Dynasty,many works of Yuefu poetry,under the concept of“observing social customs and knowing the well-being of the people”,exhibit distinct educational content,roughly including three aspects.First,they advocate family ethics,including marital ethics and sibling relationships;second,they set an example for women in the Han Dynasty,depicting chaste and faithful figures like Luo Fu and Hu Ji,as well as women from Longxi who are good at managing households and treating guests attentively;third,they offer admonitions and exhortations on how to interact with others and handle affairs,including advising people to be cautious when leaving their hometowns,urging travelers to have self-respect,advising people to cultivate themselves and be cautious,and urging people to cherish time and progress.It must be clearly said that the educational role of Yuefu poetry is not solely the result of poetic texts,but rather the integrated effect of poetry,music,and even stage performance.