期限利益视域下预告辞职行为法律性质的体系化解释

Systematic Interpretation of the Legal Nature of Resignation Notice from the Perspective of Term Interest

我国的劳动法律确立了劳动者预告解除劳动合同的完整形态——确权、约束与责任机制,但囿于预告辞职行为法律性质的模糊,司法实践和理论研究中存在关于劳动关系解除时间的困惑,以及用人单位预告期内提前解除或终止劳动合同行为性质的争议,而其中预告辞职行为法律性质的澄清为首要和基本问题。预告辞职行为具有两位一体但有所偏重的法益结构,用人单位期限利益构成了对劳动者辞职自由的制约形式,用人单位是否主张期限利益与其采取的回应行为类型有关。如此,劳动者预告辞职行为法律性质的体系化解释路径如下:用人单位主张期限利益的,劳动关系在预告期内仍有效,劳动者必须履行劳动合同直至30日期限届满,预告辞职行为的法律性质为附期限的形成权;用人单位放弃期限利益的,劳动关系不必等到30日期限届满即告解除,预告辞职行为的法律性质则由预告解除转化为劳动者与用人单位之间的协商式即时解除。

The labor law in our country has established the complete form of labor contract termination by workers—confirmation,constraint and responsibility mechanism.However,due to the ambiguity of the legal nature of resignation notice,the judicial practice and theoretical research lead to confusion about the termination time of labor relations,as well as the disputes about the nature of the employer’s act to cancel or terminate the labor contract in advance during the notice period.The clarification of the legal nature of resignation notice is the first and basic issue.Resignation notice has a two-in-one but biased legal interest structure,and the employer’s term interest constitutes a form of restriction on the employee’s resignation freedom.Whether the employer claims term interest or not corresponds to the type of response behavior.Therefore,the systematic interpretation path of the legal nature of the resignation notice is as follows:If the employer claims the term interest,the labor relationship still remains valid during the resignation notice period.The worker must perform the labor contract until the expiration of the 30-day period.The legal nature of the resignation notice is the right of formation with a time limit.If the employer gives up the term interest,the labor relationship is terminated immediately without waiting until the expiration of the 30-day period,and the legal nature of the resignation notice is transformed from notice of termination to immediate termination through negotiation between the worker and the employer.