亳州菊花生长与土壤肥力的关系

Soil Fertility Evaluation and Its Relationship with Growth of Chrysanthemum morifolium in Bozhou,China

采用点对点调查取样法在安徽省亳州市菊花种植区采集了116个代表性样点的植株与土壤样品,通过主成分分析法,从19项土壤理化指标中筛选出8个指标:有机质、电导率、速效氮、有效磷、有效钙、有效硫、有效铁、有效铜,构建了最小数据集(MDS),并依据MDS各指标与菊花各生长指标的相关系数确定了土壤综合肥力指数(IFI),利用MDS和IFI探讨了各土壤肥力因子与菊花生长和产量的关系。结果表明:研究区菊花种植土壤总体呈弱碱性,保肥性好,盐度较低,有机质偏低,大中量养分基本充足,但微量养分相对缺乏。土壤综合肥力适中(70.69%的样点IFI分级为中等),而微量养分是土壤综合肥力提升的主要限制因子。总体来看,IFI较高的土壤更有利于菊花生长发育和高产,菊花偏好养分供应量充足、保肥性较好的中性土壤,随施肥带来的过量的硫可能对菊花生长和产量不利。

In this study,sample pairs of 116 topsoil and Chrysanthemum morifolium were collected from the representative areas in Bozhou City of Anhui Province,11 soil fertility indicators were measured,the growth and yield indexes of C.morifolium were obtained,8 soil fertility indexes were identified,including organic matter,EC,available N,P,Ca,S,Fe and Cu,and a minimum data set(MDS)was established through the principal component analysis,then soil integrated fertility index(IFI)was calculated based on the correlation coefficients of MDS indexes and C.morifolium growth and yield indexes,and the relationship between soil fertility indexes and C.morifolium growth and yield indexes were further explored.Results showed that soils in C.morifolium planting area in Bozhou generally were weakly alkaline with low salinity and organic matter,high nutrients retention ability,sufficient in macro and medium nutrients but insufficient in micronutrients.Soil IFI generally was moderate(70.69%of soil samples with in the moderate IFI grade),with low micronutrients contents being the main limiting factors.Generally,C.morifolium prefers the neutral soil with sufficient nutrients supply,soils with higher IFI are more conducive to the growth and yield increase of C.morifolium,but excessive sulfur input due to fertilization may retard to the growth and yield of C.morifolium.