催收非法债务罪的司法适用误区及其纠偏

Misunderstandings in judicial application of the crime of collecting illegal debts and their correction

催收非法债务罪系《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(十一)》增设的罪名。该罪名在司法适用过程中,存在非法债务类型类推适用可能、形式化认定催收行为、罪名溯及力适用标准不一等问题。对此,应当采取实质解释方法,明确非法债务的具体类型,排除债务非法性的类推适用;以罪刑法定原则为基础,以实质法益侵害为标准,廓清催收行为的适用场域;排除行为社会危害性对罪名溯及力适用的干扰,恪守“从旧兼从轻”的溯及力适用标准。

The crime of collecting illegal debts is a crime added in the“Eleventh Amendment to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China”.In the process of judicial application of this crime,there are problems such as the possibility of analogical application of illegal debt types,formal identification of collecting behavior and different application standards for the retroactivity of the crime.In this regard,a substantive interpretation method should be adopted to clarify the specific types of illegal debts and exclude the analogical application of the illegal debts;based on the Nulla poena sine lege,and based on the standard of substantial infringement of legal interest,the applicable field of collecting behavior should be clarified;the social harm of the behavior should be excluded to avoid the interference in the application of retroactive effect of crimes,and the applicable standard of the retroactive effect of“following both the old and the lighter”should be abided by.