教育如何影响健康:基于跨配偶效应的实证分析

How Does Education Affect Health:An EmpiricalAnalysis of the Cross-spouse Effect

教育不仅为自身所有,而且是一种可以共享的资源,但鲜有文献对教育的溢出效应进行探讨。研究利用2017年中国综合社会调查数据,实证检验了教育对健康的跨配偶效应。研究结果显示:第一,教育对健康具有明显的溢出效应,并且存在显著的性别差异,女性健康受自身教育水平影响较大,而男性健康主要受配偶教育水平的影响;第二,传统性别角色观念是导致教育溢出效应存在性别差异的重要原因,与传统性别观念弱的男性相比,配偶受教育水平对传统性别观念强的男性健康负面影响更大;第三,市场化有助于弱化传统的性别角色观念,调节配偶受教育水平对男性健康的不利影响,市场化程度越高,男性的传统性别观念就越弱,而配偶受教育水平对男性健康的负面影响则越小。研究的政策启示:要充分保障女性的受教育权,尤其是提高女性在中小学阶段的入学率和毕业率,充分释放教育对健康的梯度提升效应;积极促进市场化发展是弱化传统性别角色观念,改善男性健康的可行之策。

Education is not only owned by itself,but also a resource that can be shared,but there is little literature on the spillover effect of education.Using the data from the 2017 China General Social Survey,this paper empirically examines the cross-spouse effect of education on health.The results show that,first,education has a significant spillover effect on health,and there is a significant gender difference between the sexes.Women′s health is greatly affected by their own education level,while men′s health is mainly affected by their spouse′s education level;Second,the traditional gender role concept is an important reason for the difference in the spillover effect of education between men and women.Compared with the weak traditional gender concept,the spouse′s education level has a greater negative impact on the health of men with a strong traditional gender concept.Third,the development of marketization helps to weaken the traditional gender role concept and can regulate the adverse impact of the spouse′s education level on men′s health.The higher the degree of marketization,the weaker the traditional gender concept of men,while the lower the negative impact of the spouse′s education level on men′s health.The policy implications of this paper are as follows:we should fully protect women′s right to education,especially improve the enrollment rate and graduation rate of women in primary and secondary schools,and fully release the gradient promotion effect of education on health;Actively promoting market development is a feasible way to weaken the traditional concept of gender roles and improve men′s health.