河口海岸生态系统生态阈值及环境管理应用进展

Ecological Thresholds in the Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystem and Progress in Their Application and Management in the Ecological Environment

河口海岸生态阈值是促使生态系统从相对稳定的动态平衡状态发生骤然转变的环境变量的值,对于研究河口海岸生态系统演变以及开展区域生态修复具有重要意义。本文梳理了部分盐沼、海草床、珊瑚礁、海带床等典型生态机制转换事件的阈值结果以及国内外生态阈值在河口海岸生态系统的应用管理情况,结合当前国内从环境保护转变到生态保护的环境管理需求,提出了生态阈值在环境管理中的思考和建议。阈值因子的选择既可以反映河口海岸的自然特征,又可以反映人类活动的某个方面;在气候变暖的大背景下,生态阈值的目标应该关注系统的完整性;须加强空间尺度、气候变化对生态阈值的影响,海陆自然条件与社会经济条件的耦合与机理过程研究。

Ecological thresholds in the estuarine and coastal ecosystem are the values of environmental variables that promote the abrupt transition of the ecosystem from a relatively stable dynamic equilibrium state and are of great significance for studying the evolution of estuarine and coastal ecosystem and carrying out regional ecological restoration.In this paper,the thresholds of some typical ecological mechanism transformation events such as salt marshes,sea-grass beds,coral reefs,kelp beds,and so on are reviewed and the application and management of ecological thresholds in the estuarine and coastal ecosystem at home and abroad are introduced.Combined with the current needs of environmental management in China,some thoughts and suggestions on the role of ecological threshold in the environmental management are put forward and the choice of threshold factors can reflect both the natural features of the estuarine and coast and some aspects of the human activities.In the context of climate warming,the aim of the ecological thresholds should focus on the integrity of the system.It is necessary to strengthen the studies both on the impact of spatial scale and climate changes on the ecological thresholds and on the coupling and mechanism process of natural sea and land conditions and socio-economic conditions.