葡萄园喷雾牵引车翼型塔板仿真分析与优化设计

Simulation analysis and optimized design of a winged tray for a vineyard spray tractor

针对宁夏贺兰山区域葡萄种植环境与作物冠层特征,设计了一种带有浮动结构的翼型塔板导流装置,其浮动结构可依据不同生长时期的葡萄作物高度进行调整。利用计算流体力学(CFD)软件对塔板气流场进行仿真分析,以翼型浮动塔板出风口处高速气流区域的面积最大值为目标,通过正交分析获得浮动结构与固定结构最佳优化导流几何参数与导风锥参数。在塔板优化结果的基础上,针对浮动结构可调极限角度进行仿真分析,建立风送塔板结构仿真模型,得出其气流汇集的离地高度范围与有效喷施距离。按照设计参数加工装配塔板浮动结构,结合样机完成喷药效能试验。以建立的模型指导各时期葡萄的施药工作,为精准施药提供技术基础。试验结果表明,塔板气流场分布特点与仿真结果基本符合,风送塔板结构仿真模型可靠。

According to the characteristics of the grape planting environment and crop canopy in the Helan Mountain region of Ningxia,an aerofoil tray with a floating structure has been designed.The floating structure can be adjusted according to the height of the grape crops during different growing periods.CFD software was used to simulate and analyze the flow field of the tray in order to maximize the area of the high speed flow at the air outlet of the floating airfoil tray.Through orthogonal analysis,the optimal flow geometry and cone parameters of the floating and fixed structures were obtained.Based on the optimization results,the adjustable limit angle of the floating structure was simulated,and a simulation model of the air transfer tray structure was established.The range of the air flow gathering height and the effective spraying distance can then be obtained.The floating structure of the assembled tray was fabricated according to the design parameters,and spraying efficiency tests were completed.The model was used to provide a basis for the precise application of agrochemicals in different periods of grape growth.The experimental results show that the distribution characteristics of the tray flow field are consistent with the simulation results,and the simulation model of the tray structure is reliable.