竞技武术散打的专项特征及训练实践

The special characteristics and training practice of Sanda for competitive Wushu

为解决当前对武术散打专项特征分析不够深入,难以完善散打比赛训练实践应用的问题,首先从武术散打的取胜因素、武术散打的主要供能系统、武术散打的技术方法与战术运用、武术散打的特殊要求分析武术散打的专项特征,继而提出相应的训练实践建议。研究认为:(1)散打教练员应根据规则的要求,充分借鉴竞技推手比赛常用的“推圈”技术,将其纳入散打训练,充分运用将运动员推下擂台得分甚至是赢得比赛的技术方法;(2)教练员应根据高强度间歇训练法,结合散打专项技术设计具有散打专项特点的高强度间歇训练方法,以此提升运动员的无氧供能能力,并促进运动员适应比赛的节奏;(3)加强运动员“推打摔”的战术训练,进一步完善当前散打战术方法的运用;(4)加强运动员近身连击能力的训练,一是快速出组合拳的训练;二是单手勾摆组合训练。

In order to solve the problem that the current analysis of the characteristics for Wushu Sanda is not deep enough,and it is difficult to perfect the practice and application of Wushu Sanda competition,this paper firstly analyzes the special characteristics of Wushu Sanda from four aspects:winning factors of Wushu Sanda,main energy supply system of Wushu Sanda,technical methods and tactical application of Wushu Sanda,and special requirements of Wushu Sanda.The conclusion is disclosed as follows:(1)According to the requirements of the rules,the coaches of Sanda should fully learn from the"push circle"technique commonly used in competitive pusher competition,incorporate it into the training of Sanda,and make full use of the technical methods of pushing athletes down the ring to score points or even win the match;(2)coaches should design the high-intensity interval training methods with Sanda special characteristics,and according to high-intensity interval training method(HIIT)and Sanda special technology,so as to improve athletes'anaerobic energy supply ability and promote athletes to adapt to the rhythm of the competition;(3)strengthening the athletes'tactical training of"pushing,hitting and wrestling",and to further improve the application of the current Sanda tactical method;(4)there are two training methods to strengthen the athletes'close combination ability:one is the training of quick combination,and the other is the one-handed hook and swing combination training.