共同富裕目标下的新型农村集体经济:理论阐析与实践探索

The New Rural Collective Economy Under the Purpose of Common Prosperity:Theoretical Interpretation and Practical Exploration

发展新型农村集体经济是全面推进乡村振兴、实现共同富裕的基础工作和强力引擎。党的历届中央领导集体在人民公社、家庭联产承包责任制度、新型农村集体经济等不同集体经济发展模式的探索创新中走过了“共同贫穷”到“部分富裕”再到推动“共同富裕”的历史接力。新型农村集体经济与西方合作经济、传统农村集体经济不同,它以集体所有、资本运行、股份合作为核心特征,在社会主义原则与市场经济机制的平衡中契合了共同富裕兼顾公平和效率的现实诉求。具体实践中,新型农村集体经济需要统筹处理集体利益与个体利益的分配关系,资本逻辑、能人权威、村企合一的纠合关系,坚持党的领导与尊重农民意愿的平衡关系以及统筹稳定、发展、开放的关系,以期将新型农村集体经济促进共同富裕的理论价值转化为实际效能。

Developing a new rural collective economy serves as both the cornerstone and a driving force for comprehensively advancing rural revitalization and achieving common prosperity.Over the years,successive central leadership groups have transformed the collective's aspiration for shared poverty into one of partial prosperity,and then to the promotion of shared prosperity,through the exploration and innovation of various collective economic models such as the people's commune,the household responsibility contract system,and the new rural collective economy.Distinct from Western cooperative economies and traditional rural collective economies,the new rural collective economy is characterized by collective ownership,capital operation,and joint-stock cooperation.It balances socialist principles with market economic mechanisms,aligning with the practical demands for both fairness and efficiency in achieving common prosperity.In practice,the new rural collective economy must holistically manage the distribution of collective and individual interests,navigate the complex relationship between capital logic,the authority of capable individuals,and the integration of villages and enterprises,strike a balance between upholding party leadership and respecting farmers'wishes,and harmonize stability,development,and openness to effectively translate its theoretical value into practical outcomes in promoting common prosperity.