移动监测技术在大气环境研究中的应用

Application of mobile monitoring technology in atmospheric environment research

移动监测是把用于环境监测的设备安装在移动载体(汽车、自行车、无人机和船等)上,开展环境质量监测的技术。移动监测技术以其灵活、机动、及时等优势,近年来被广泛应用于大气环境监测中,但针对移动监测技术在大气环境研究中的应用场景及其存在的优缺点等缺少系统性研究。通过文献调研的方式对国内外移动监测技术在大气环境研究中的应用进行综述,重点讨论了监测设备及其搭载平台。将移动监测设备划分为传感器和大型设备2类,其中传感器以体积小、成本低等优势被大量应用在无人机、汽车等平台中。大型设备则包括监测仪和分析仪,但由于受到体积和成本的限制多被应用在飞机和船等面积较大的平台中。根据大气环境移动监测设备搭载的平台将其划分为车载移动监测、机载移动监测和船载移动监测三大类,其中车载移动监测主要用于环境质量监测、溯源分析和热点监测、汽车尾气排放监测及空气污染暴露监测等,机载移动监测主要用于环境空气质量监测、溯源分析和热点监测及大气污染物传输监测,船载移动监测主要用于海表大气组分、溯源分析和船舶尾气排放等研究。最后讨论了移动监测平台现有应用中存在的问题(例如覆盖率、续航、数据质量等),并对未来研究进行了展望。

Mobile monitoring is a technique for conducting environmental quality assessments by deploying monitoring equipment on mobile platforms like cars,bicycles,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)and boats.Due to its flexibility,mobility,and real-time capabilities,mobile monitoring technology has gained widespread application in recent years,particularly in atmospheric environmental monitoring.However,there is a shortage of systematic research regarding the application scenarios,advantages,and drawbacks of mobile monitoring technology in atmospheric environmental research.A literature-based review of the foreign and domestic applications of mobile monitoring technology in atmospheric environmental research was conducted,with a focus on the monitoring equipment and the platforms used for atmospheric environmental mobile monitoring.The mobile monitoring equipment is categorized into two groups:sensors and large-scale devices.Sensors,characterized by their compact size and cost-effectiveness,find extensive use on platforms like UAVs and automobiles.Conversely,large-scale devices,including monitors and analyzers,are primarily employed on larger platforms like aircraft and ships,mainly due to size and cost constraints.Atmospheric environmental mobile monitoring platforms are classified into three categories:vehicle-based,aircraft-based,and ship-based.Vehicle-based mobile monitoring is primarily employed for environmental quality assessment,traceability analysis,hotspot monitoring,vehicle emissions tracking,and air pollution exposure measurement.Aircraft platforms play a key role in monitoring ambient air quality,traceability analysis,hotspot monitoring,and the tracking of atmospheric pollutant dispersion.Ship-based mobile monitoring platforms are chiefly utilized for studying sea surface atmospheric components,traceability analysis,and ship exhaust emissions research.Finally,current challenges in existing applications of mobile monitoring platforms,such as coverage,battery life,and data quality,were addressed,and future perspectives were presented for the field.