芯片行业再生水灌溉矮牵牛的植物毒理效应及环境风险评价

Phytotoxic effects and environmental risk assessment of petunia hybrida irrigated with reclaimed water from the chip industry

芯片行业废水的再生利用对减少水环境污染、缓解水资源短缺、推动行业绿色发展具有重要意义。为明确芯片行业再生水灌溉对植物的毒理效应,采用矮牵牛作为模型生物,分析2种再生水灌溉期间其生长形态及对总蛋白、叶绿素、抗氧化系统和能量系统标志物的响应特征,基于第二代综合生物标志物响应指数(IBRv2)法评估再生水灌溉的环境风险。结果表明:2种再生水灌溉期间未对矮牵牛的生长形态产生明显不良影响;灌溉中期(9 d)矮牵牛总蛋白、叶绿素均被显著诱导,随后诱导作用减弱,抑制作用开始显现;灌溉中长期(9~15 d)矮牵牛的抗氧化标志物以抑制效应为主,但机体未出现明显的氧化损伤;灌溉期间矮牵牛能量系统标志物的响应规律无明显的一致性。芯片行业再生水灌溉矮牵牛的平均IBRv2为0.85~1.72,环境风险水平较低,但因再生水仍含有高浓度的氯离子和溶解性总固体(TDS),可选择敏感的生物标志物组合谷氨酸脱氢酶、丙酮酸激酶、丙二醛(MDA)或超氧化物歧化酶、MDA对环境风险进行监测和管控。建议进一步研发可有效降低芯片行业再生水中氯离子和TDS浓度的处理工艺,以保障芯片行业再生水回用于绿化灌溉的生态环境安全。

Regeneration and utilization of wastewater in the chip industry is of great significance to reduce water pollution,alleviate water shortage and promote the green development of the chip industry.In order to clarify the phytotoxic effects of reclaimed water from the chip industry on plants,petunia hybrida was used as a model organism to analyze the response characteristics of growth morphology,total protein,chlorophyll,antioxidant system and energy system biomarkers,and to evaluate environmental risks based on the second-generation Integrated Biological Responses version 2(IBRv2)during irrigation with two types of reclaimed water.The results showed that there was no obvious adverse effect on the growth and morphology of petunia hybrida irrigated with two kinds of reclaimed water.At the middle stage of irrigation(9 days),the total protein and chlorophyll of petunia hybrida were significantly induced,and then the induction was relieved and the inhibition began to appear.At the middle and late stage of irrigation(9-15 days),the antioxidant biomarkers of petunia hybrida were mainly inhibited,but no obvious oxidative damage to petunia hybrida occurred.The response patterns of energy system biomarkers were inconsistent during irrigation.The average values of IBRv2 for the two types of reclaimed water from chip industry were between 0.85 and 1.72,and the environmental risk level was low.However,because the reclaimed water still contained high concentrations of chloride ion and total dissolved solids(TDSs),the sensitive biomarker combination of glutamate dehydrogenase,pyruvate kinase,malondialdehyde(MDA)or superoxide dismutase,MDA could be selected to monitor and control the environmental risk.It was recommended to further research and develop the treatment process which could effectively reduce the concentration of chloride ion and TDS in the reclaimed water of chip industry,so as to ensure the ecological environment safety of the reclaimed water for green irrigation.