甲状腺未分化癌分子机制和治疗的研究进展

Research progress on molecular mechanism and treatment for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

甲状腺未分化癌(anaplastic thyroid carcinoma,ATC)是最具侵袭性的恶性肿瘤,预后极差。ATC发病机制复杂,目前尚无有效的治疗手段。近年来,随着对驱动ATC遗传(如BRAF V600E、TP53、TERT、PIK3CA突变等)和表观遗传(如组蛋白甲基化、组蛋白去乙酰化、microRNA调节通路等)改变的深入了解,分子靶向治疗为ATC患者带来新的希望。本文综述了ATC发病分子机制、靶向治疗和其他治疗的最新成果。

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma(ATC)is the most aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis.The pathogenesis of ATC is complex,and there is no effective treatment at present.In recent years,with the deep understanding of the genetic(such as BRAF V600E,TP53,TERT,PIK3CA mutations,etc.)and epigenetic(such as histone methylation,histone deacetylation,microRNA regulatory pathways,etc.)changes driving ATC,molecular targeted therapy has brought new hope to ATC patients.This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of ATC and the latest achievements in targeted therapy and other therapies.