苹果等6种经济林不同时期果实BVOCs成分分析

Volatile Organic Compounds in the Fruits of 6 Species of Non-Timber Forestsat Different Growing Stages

为探究常见经济林树种不同时期果实在自然状态下释放植物源挥发性有机物(BVOCs)组成成分差异,并分析其香气类型,选取苹果、桃、李、梨、山楂和枣6种经济林树种为研究对象,采用动态顶空采集法收集释放的BVOCs,结合自动热脱附-气相色谱/质谱联用技术进行BVOCs分析。结果表明,6种果实膨大期和成熟期均检测出12类BVOCs,组分总数量前者(305)大于后者(275),2个时期果实释放烷烃类、烯烃类、芳香烃类、酯类和醛类BVOCs占比最大;不同时期6种果实有10种共有BVOCs为2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷、正十九烷、a-柏木烯、正戊醛、庚醛、辛醛、天然壬醛、癸醛、苯乙酮和庚胺醇;苹果、桃、李和梨随着果实生长发育BVOCs成分数量减少;不同时期6种果实香韵涵盖香型有差异,并随果实生长发育,青草香、果香、檀木香、醛香和柑橘香占比明显增加。表明不同时期6种经济林植物果实释放BVOCs组成成分和相对含量差异明显,在果实成熟期,主要香气BVOCs成分相对含量较高,是果实香精开发的最佳时期。

The objectives of this study were to explore the differences in the components of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs)released from the fruits of 6 species of common non-timber forests in different developmental periods under natural conditions,and analyze their aroma types,including apple,peach,plum,pear,hawthorn and jujube.The released BVOCs were collected by dynamic headspace collection method,and analyzed by automatic thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Twelve types of BVOCs were detected from the fruits of 6 species at the expansion and ripening stages,and the total number of components in the expansion stage(305)was greater than that in the ripening stage(275).The largest proportions of BVOCs released from the fruits at the two stages were alkanes,alkenes,aromatic hydrocarbons,esters and aldehydes.Ten common BVOCs were found in the fruits of 6 species at two stages,including 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane,n-decadecane andα-cypress lignene,n-valeraldehyde,heptadal,octanal,nonanal,decanal,acetophenone and heptylamine alcohol.The amount of BVOCs in apple,peach,plum and pear decreased with the growth and development of the fruits.The aroma types in the fruits of 6 species at two stages were different,and the proportion of grass,fruit,sandalwood,aldehyde and citrus fragrances increased significantly with the fruit growth and development.To sum up,the composition and relative content of BVOCs released from the fruits of 6 species of non-timber forests in different periods are significantly different.In the fruit ripening period,the relative contents of the main aroma components of BVOCs are high,which is the best period for the development of fruit essence.