消化道早癌与癌前病变的病理诊断研究进展

Advances in Pathologic Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Early Cancer and Precancerous Lesions

消化道早癌主要是指消化道早期肿瘤,其发生和发展过程较为缓慢,加之恶性肿瘤类型多样,存在癌前病变可能。多数消化道早癌患者的症状不典型,因此往往就诊时已处于中晚期阶段。中晚期消化道肿瘤患者病情严重,与此同时丧失手术治疗机会,不利于改善患者预后。常见的消化道癌主要有结直肠癌、胃癌以及食管癌等。随着临床诊断技术的日益进步,消化道早癌患者的临床准确诊断率日益提高。尽早明确诊断消化道癌的具体分型,有利于临床制定针对性的治疗计划,从而降低患者的死亡率。文章对消化道早癌和癌前病变的病理诊断、分型、分期、分类、标本处理、病理报告、病理诊断技术以及诊断效果等进行综述。

Digestive tract early cancer mainly refers to the early digestive tract tumor,its occurrence and development process is relatively slow,coupled with a variety of malignant tumor types,there may be precancerous lesions.Most patients with early gastrointestinal cancer have atypical symptoms,so they are often in the middle and late stages when they see a doctor.Patients with middle and advanced digestive tract tumors are seriously ill and lose the opportunity of surgical treatment at the same time,which is not conducive to improving the prognosis of patients.The common digestive tract cancer mainly includes colorectal cancer,gastric cancer and esophageal cancer.With the development of clinical diagnosis technology,the clinical accurate diagnosis rate of patients with early gastrointestinal cancer is increasing.Early diagnosis of specific types of digestive tract cancer is conducive to the formulation of targeted treatment plans,thereby reducing the mortality of patients.This article reviewed the pathological diagnosis,type,stage,classification,specimen treatment,pathological report,pathological diagnosis techniques and diagnostic effects of gastrointestinal early cancer and precancerous lesions.