单细胞转录组测序在病原微生物肺部感染研究中的应用

Application of single-cell RNA sequencing in pulmonary infection by pathogenic microorganisms

肺部感染是指在终末气道、肺泡腔及肺间质中由细菌、真菌和病毒等病原体诱发的炎症,是威胁人类健康的全球十大问题之一。2019年,世界卫生组织数据显示肺部感染致全球近260万死亡,位列第四大死因^([1]),而且,成人肺部感染的发作次数呈上升趋势,特别是≥70岁的男性患者数量增幅最为显著^([2])。病原微生物的感染是病原体与免疫相互作用的结果,不同病原体引起的肺部感染作用机制不同,感染的病原体可激活免疫信号通路和诱导炎症风暴,诱发急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)^([3]),导致预后不佳,甚至死亡。

Pulmonary infection by pathogenic microorganisms is a common disease of the respiratory system with high mortality and poor prognosis,but its pathogenesis remains unclear.In recent years,single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)has been widely used in the study of lung infection to provide an atlas of immune cells of patients,identify new immune cell subsets,analyze differential expression genes,reveal pathways related to inflammatory immune pathways in pathogenic microbial infection,monitor the levels of cytokines,and identify novel biomarkers of lung infection.There-fore,this paper presents a review of the application of scRNA-seq in pulmonary infection by pathogenic microorganisms.