恩格斯对马尔萨斯人口理论批判的三个维度——基于《国民经济学批判大纲》的文本解读

Three Dimensions of Engels' Criticism of Malthus' Population Theory:Based on the Text Interpretation of The Critique of Political Economy

《国民经济学批判大纲》是恩格斯批判马尔萨斯人口理论的重要文献。政治批判、社会批判和经济批判是恩格斯批判马尔萨斯人口理论的三个重要维度。恩格斯对马尔萨斯人口理论的政治批判的出发点是揭露充满欺诈和伪善的资本主义社会;恩格斯对马尔萨斯人口理论的社会批判的立足点是构建“纯粹人的、普遍的基础”的理想社会;恩格斯对马尔萨斯人口理论的经济批判的三个切入点是资本主义私有制下的资本、劳动和科技。恩格斯对马尔萨斯人口理论的批判启示我们,要坚定不移地走中国特色社会主义道路构建中国人口政策,坚持用大历史观来评价中国人口政策,坚持科技创新并推动科技成果惠及全体劳动人民。

The Critique of Political Economy is an important document that shows Engels' criticism of Malthus' population theory and Engels' criticism is primarily from three dimensions of politics,society and economy.The starting point of Engels' political criticism is to expose the capitalist society full of fraud and hypocrisy;the standpoint of Engels' social criticism is to construct an ideal society with a “purely human and universal foundation”;and the three breakthrough points of Engels' economic criticism are capital,labor and technology under capitalist private ownership.Engels' criticism of Malthus' population theory has left us an important inspiration,which suggests that we should firmly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics,construct China's population policy,adhere to the broad historical perspective in evaluating population policy,persist in scientific and technological innovation,and ensure that scientific and technological achievements will benefit all working people.