统筹发展和安全视角下中国航空应急救援体系建设战略研究——基于“情景——任务——能力”分析框架

Strategic Research on the Construction of China's Aviation Emergency Rescue System from the Perspective of Balancing Development and Security Imperatives:Based on the Analytical Framework of “Scenario-Task-Capability”

党的二十大报告强调,要“提高防灾减灾救灾和重大突发公共事件处置保障能力”。2023年4月,中共中央政治局会议提出,要“积极稳步推进……‘平急两用’公共基础设施建设”;2024年《政府工作报告》明确,要“积极打造……低空经济等新增长引擎”。航空应急救援体系建设是推进“平急两用”公共基础设施建设、促进低空经济发展和提高应急保障能力的重要支撑。当前,中国航空应急救援体系建设存在哪些突出问题?该如何进行战略构建以实现“平急两用”和急难险重任务应急保障的目标?以统筹发展和安全为视角,在对中国航空应急救援体系现状及突出问题进行分析的基础上,运用“情景—任务—能力”分析框架,提出中国航空应急救援体系基于低空经济、设施装备和航空应急的三角形战略基点,并对低空经济发展、法律保障、空地协同、装备设施优化等实施路径提出政策建议。

The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC) stressed the need to“enhance the capacity for disaster prevention,mitigation,and relief,and for responding to and providing support during major public emergencies”.The meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee in April 2023 advocated for proactive and steady progress in the construction of “dual-use”(for both peacetime and emergencies) public infrastructure.The 2024 government work report specifically highlighted the active development of new growth engines such as low-altitude economy.The construction of an aviation emergency rescue system is an important support for promoting the construction of dual-use infrastructure,fostering the development of low-altitude economy,and improving emergency response capabilities.At present,what are the prominent problems in the construction of China's aviation emergency rescue system? How should it be strategically constructed to realize the goals of “dual-use” and emergency support for difficult situations and emergencies? From the perspective of balancing development and security imperatives,this paper investigates current status and issues of China's aviation emergency rescue system,and proposes a strategy triangle based on low-altitude economy,facilities and equipment with the help of the analytical framework of “scenario-task-capability”.Furthermore,it offers policy recommendations on the implementation path of the development of low-altitude economy,legal support,air-ground coordination,and the optimization of facilities and equipment.