新形势下中国农食系统转型的理论构建与政策路径

Theoretical Construction and Policy Paths to the Transformation of China’s Agrifood Systems under the New Situation

农食系统是实现我国国民营养、食物安全、生态文明、“双碳”目标和共同富裕的重要基础。新形势下发展环境和国际市场变化复杂,为了更好地应对多重风险叠加的挑战,实现国家多元发展目标,中国农食系统亟须转型。已有研究针对农食系统转型虽然局部提出了一些解决思路,但都比较零散,缺乏统一的研究框架和系统的研究方案。如何转型农食系统助力我国实现国家重大发展目标仍是难题。本文对新形势下我国农食系统转型的理论基础与框架、转型方案和路径、政策体系等展开分析。研究表明:新形势下农食系统关注重点已从单一的粮食数量,转变为以营养健康为导向、粮食安全为基石、资源环境为约束、共同富裕为条件的可持续发展。同时,中国农食系统应以营养—农食—环境互相协调发展为核心,最大化三者的联合协调,同时最小化三者的制衡作用,向高质高效、营养健康、绿色低碳、韧性、包容性的方向转型发展。在推动农食系统转型过程中,需要构建组织机构、支持补贴、科技研发、激励机制、全球合作等政策体系,更好地引导、推动和激励技术突破、组织创新、制度优化、行为转变。

The agrifood systems is essential for achieving national nutrition,food security,ecological civilization,“double carbon”goals,and common prosperity.Under the new situation,the development environment and the international market are changing complexly.The agrifood systems urgently need transformation to better cope with the challenges of multiple risks and achieve China’s multiple development goals.Although existing studies have partially proposed some solutions,they are relatively scattered and lack a unified research framework and systematic research plans.Transforming the agrifood systems to achieve primary national development goals is still a complex problem.This study analyzes the theoretical basis and framework,transformation plans and paths,and policy systems of China’s agrifood systems transformation under the new situation.Research shows that under the new situation,the focus of the agrifood systems has changed from a single goal of food quantity security to sustainable development that is oriented toward nutrition and health,with food security as the cornerstone,resources and the environment as constraints,and common prosperity as the condition.The nexus of nutrition,agrifood,and environment is at the center of China’s agrifood systems,and it calls to maximize the joint coordination of the three,minimize their tradeoffs,and move towards the direction of high-quality and high-efficiency,nutrition and health,sustainability and low carbon,resilience,and inclusiveness.In the process of promoting the transformation of the agrifood systems,it is necessary to build policy systems,including organizational structures,supports and subsidies,scientific and technological research and development,incentive mechanisms,and global cooperation,to better guide,promote,and encourage technological breakthroughs,organizational innovation,system optimization,and behavioral changes.