论不动产抵押合同未登记的法律效果——以《担保制度解释》第46条为中心

On the Legal Effect of Unregistered Real Estate Mortgage Contracts:Centering on Article 46 of the Interpretation of the Security System of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China

未登记的不动产抵押合同不产生担保效力,无法类推适用赠与合同规则。《担保制度解释》第46条第1款明确了债权人的登记请求权,债权人可自由行使登记请求权和违约损害赔偿请求权,协助登记应属债权人的不真正义务;第2款不可归责于抵押人的事由应属不可抗力规则的适用,该款后半句明确了债权人的代偿请求权;第3款抵押人损害赔偿的范围应为债务人未受清偿部分,且受到约定担保范围、可预见性规则、抵押权顺位规则、抵押权行使期间规则以及与有过失规则的限制。抵押人和债务人之间在责任承担上应属连带责任关系。

An unregistered mortgage contract on immovable property does not produce security effects and the rules of the grant contract cannot be applied by analogy.Paragraph 1 of Article 46 of the Interpretation of the Security System specifies the creditor's right to claim registration,the creditor is free to exercise the right to claim registration and the right to claim damages for breach of contract,and assistance in registration shall be an untrue obligation of the creditor;the cause not attributable to the mortgagee in paragraph 2 shall be the application of the rule of force majeure,and the second half of the paragraph specifies the creditor's right to claim substitution;the scope of the mortgagee's damages in paragraph 3 shall be the debtor's scope of the mortgagee's damages in paragraph 3 shall be the unpaid portion of the debtor,and shall be limited by the scope of the agreed security,the rule of foreseeability,the rule of subordination of the mortgage,the rule of the period of exercise of the mortgage and the rule of negligence.The mortgagee and the debtor shall be jointly and severally liable for the liability.