不对行大蒜联合收获机设计与试验

Design and experiment of non-aligned garlic combined harvester

现有大蒜联合收获机主要采用振动挖掘、对行夹持输送、自动切茎方式,这种收获方式要求大蒜种植时要对行播种,同时在收获过程中机具要尽量对行直线行驶,否则极易因对行不准而发生漏收、堵塞等问题。针对这一情况,设计一款可不对行收获的大蒜联合收获机。首先,基于不对行收获的特点和大蒜收获的农艺要求,进行整机总体设计;其次,通过建立数学模型完成灭茬机构设计和选型,建立运动学模型确定蒜秧切割机构和振动挖掘机构的运动参数;最后,以前进速度、入土倾角和挖掘深度为试验因素,以损伤率和漏收率为主要评价指标,进行三因素三水平正交组合试验并利用SPSS软件进行方差分析。结果表明:当前进速度为0.35 m/s,入土倾角为20°,挖掘深度为100 mm时,不对行大蒜联合收获机性能最优,此时损伤率为2.91%、漏收率为3.93%。

The existing garlic combine harvester mainly uses vibration mining,on the line clamping transmission,automatic stem cutting methods,this harvest method requires garlic planting to the row of sowing,while in the harvest process to try to travel in a straight line,otherwise it is easy to occur leakage,blockage and other problems due to the non-aligned row.In view of this situation,this paper designs a garlic harvester which can be harvested without parallel.Firstly,based on the characteristics of misaligned harvest and the agronomic requirements of garlic harvest,the overall design of the whole machine was carried out.Secondly,the stubble elimination mechanism was designed and selected through the establishment of mathematical model,and the kinematic model was established to determine the motion parameters of the garlic vine cutting mechanism and vibration mining mechanism.Finally,with forward speed,dip Angle and excavation depth as the experimental factors and damage rate and leakage rate as the main evaluation indexes,the orthogonal combination test of three factors and three levels was carried out and the SPSS software was used for variance analysis.The results showed that the performance of the combined harvester was optimal when the forward speed was 0.35 m/s,the dip angle was 20°and the digging depth was 100 mm.At this time,the damage rate was 2.91% and the leakage rate was 3.93%.