医疗救护飞机飞行高度对吸痰效果影响的研究

A Study on the influence of flying height of medical rescue aircraft on sputum aspiration

目的研究医疗救护飞机飞行高度对机上吸痰效果的影响。方法通过低压舱分别模拟医疗救护飞机在距离地面0、1000、2350、3350 m和4300 m不同飞行高度的机舱内部气压环境,选择同一粘度的人工模拟痰液代替伤病员真实痰液作为试验样本,使用同一吸痰设备及相同操作步骤和手法开展伤病员吸痰实验,分别记录痰液吸净所用时间。结果在模拟医疗救护飞机在距离地面5个不同飞行高度下,5 ml模拟痰液吸净所需时间随模拟飞行高度的增加而逐步延长,1000、2350、3350 m和4300 m的吸痰用时分别是(5.09±0.30)、(9.37±1.00)、(11.75±0.78)s和(15.54±0.92)s,均高于0 m吸痰用时(4.26±1.13)s。方差分析结果显示,飞行高度1000 m吸痰用时与0 m的差异无统计学意义(P=0.27),飞行高度2350 m、3350 m、4300 m吸痰用时分别与0 m的差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。两两比较结果显示2350 m与1000 m(P<0.001)、3350 m与2350 m(P<0.001)及4300 m与3350 m(P<0.001)高度下吸痰时间的差异均具有统计学意义。结论医疗救护飞机飞行高度上升,会增加吸痰用时,导致吸痰效率降低,增加伤病员窒息风险。随着飞行高度增加,需采取增加负压压力、湿化气道等有效措施以确保机上吸痰效果。

Objective To study the effect of flight height of medical rescue aircraft on the efficacy of sputum suction on board.Methods The internal environment of medical rescue aircraft at flying heights of 0 m,1000 m,2350 m,3350 m,and 4300 m above sea level was simulated using low-pressure chambers.Artificial sputum of the same viscosity was used as the sample for experimentation.The same sputum suction equipment and procedures were adopted during the sputum suction test for the injured.The time taken by sputum suction was recorded separately.Results Under simulated conditions of a medical rescue helicopter flying at five different altitudes from the ground,the time required to suction 5 ml of simulated sputum gradually increased as the simulated flight altitude increased.The suction time at a height of 0,1000,2350,3350 m and 4300 m respectively was(4.26±1.13),(5.09±0.30),(9.37±1.00),(11.75±0.78)s and(15.54±0.92)s.The results of the analysis of variance showed that there was no statistically significant difference(P=0.27)between the sputum suction time at a flight altitude of 1000 m and 0 m,while the differences in sputum suction time at flight altitudes of 2350,3350,4300 m and 0 m were all statistically significant(all P<0.001).The pairwise comparison results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the suction time at heights of 2350 m and 1000 m(P<0.001),3350 m and 2350 m(P<0.001),and 4300 m and 3350 m(P<0.001).Conclusion The increase in flight altitude of medical rescue aircraft will increase the time required for each sputum suction,reducing the efficiency of sputum suction and increasing the risk of suffocation for patients.As flight altitude increases,effective measures such as increasing negative pressure and humidifying the airway should be taken to ensure the effectiveness of sputum suction on board.