清香型白酒核心产区原酒理化特点的分析研究

Physicochemical Characteristics of Crude Liquor from the Core Production Area of Qingxiang Baijiu

为了揭示清香型白酒核心产区白酒的理化特点,收集了杏花村地区20家酒厂同时期生产的大米查、二米查白酒,利用化学滴定和气相色谱技术,对白酒的总酸、总酯及挥发性成分进行了检测。结果表明,杏花村地区白酒大米查总酸大多位于0.4~0.6 g/L之间,二米查总酸大多位于0.45~0.71 g/L之间,二米查白酒的总酸高于大米查;大米查总酯大多位于2.5~5 g/L之间,其中乙酸乙酯含1500~2500 mg/L、乳酸乙酯含1300~3000 mg/L;二米查总酯大多位于3.11~4.45 g/L之间,其中乙酸乙酯1921~1977 mg/L、乳酸乙酯含1049~2423 mg/L;其他一些酯类成分总含量很少,大米查最高仅有153.87 mg/L,二米查最高仅为134.27 mg/L;大米查酒中醛类物质、甲醇、杂醇油和乙酸含量显著小于二米查白酒;大米查白酒甲醇含量均值为146.05 mg/L,二米查白酒甲醇含量均值为181.48 mg/L;杂醇油含量最高的是异戊醇,大米查平均含量为568.66 mg/L,二米查平均含量为668.84 mg/L;大米查中乙酸的平均含量为459.46 mg/L,二米查中乙酸的平均含量为586.80 mg/L。与其他清香型白酒相比,杏花村地区的白酒呈现总酸低,总酯高,乙酸乙酯和乳酸乙酯比例协调,乙缩醛含量高,乙酸含量高,甲醇含量低的特点。从HCA分析、adonis分析和PCA分析可以发现,即使都是杏花村地区生产的白酒,它们之间的理化性质仍然有差异,大米查白酒中EF和MF、TF和JF之间理化性质相似,在二米查中则没有发现理化性质相似的白酒。

In order to reveal the physicochemical characteristics of Baijiu from the core production area of Qingxiang Baijiu,we col-lected the crude liquor of the first/second production round from 20 distilleries in Xinghuacun area,and used chemical titration and gas chromatography to detect the total acids,total esters and volatile components of the samples.The results showed that the total ac-ids of the crude liquor of the first production round was between 0.4 g/L and 0.6 g/L,and that of the second production round was be-tween 0.45 g/L and 0.71 g/L.The total esters of the first production round was between 2.5 g/L and 5 g/L,with ethyl acetate between 1500 mg/L and 2500 mg/L,and ethyl lactate between 1300 mg/L and 3000 mg/L.The total esters of the second production was be-tween 3.11 g/L and 4.45 g/L,with ethyl acetate between 1921 mg/L and 1977 mg/L,and ethyl lactate between 1049 mg/L and 2423 mg/L.The total content of other esters was very low,the highest content was only 153.87 mg/L for the first production round and 134.27 mg/L for the second production round.The contents of aldehydes,methanol,fusel oil and acetic acid of the first production round were significantly lower than those of the second production round.The average methanol content of the first production round was 146.05 mg/L,and that of the second production round was 181.48 mg/L.Among fusel oil compounds,isoamyl alcohol had the highest content(568.66 mg/L of the first production round and 668.84 mg/L of the second production round).The average content of acetic acid of the first production round was 459.46 mg/L,and that of the second production round was 586.80 mg/L.Compared with other Qingxiang Baijiu products,Baijiu from Xinghuacun area were characterized by low acid content,high ester content,coordinated proportion of ethyl acetate and ethyl lactate,high acetal content,high acetic acid content,and low methanol content.Through HCA analysis,adonis analysis and PCA analysis,it was found that Baijiu from different distilleries in Xinghuacun area had different physi-cochemical properties,and the differences of the second production round was more obvious.