从需要的角度看真假认知之分

On the Difference Between True and False Cognition From the Perspective of Needs

人们的不同需要在形成正确知识和虚假知识的过程中,分别发挥着性质不同的动机源头作用。首先,由于求知欲旨在弥补知识缺失的无知状态,它的本质功能就在于趋于真理、避免谬误,因此在正常发挥效应的情况下不会产生虚假知识。其次,求晰欲的本质功能在于追求知识的清楚明晰,在真假认知之分中扮演了中性的角色,能够分别帮助正确知识和虚假知识达成逻辑上的融贯自洽。最后,非认知需要参与认知过程后,既可能促使求知欲正常发挥效应趋于真理,也可能妨碍求知欲正常发挥效应导致谬误,因而有必要具体辨析。

People’s different needs play different motivational roles in their process of forming correct and false knowledge.First of all,because the desire for knowledge aims to make up for the ignorance,its essential function is to tend to truth and avoid fallacies,so it will not produce false knowledge by its normal performance.Secondly,the essential function of the desire for clarity lies in the pursuit of clarity of knowledge,and thus plays a neutral role in the distinction between correct and false knowledge by helping both of them achieve logical self-consistency.Finally,after participating in the cognitive process,non-cognitive needs may promote the normal performance of the desire for knowledge to tend to truth on the one hand,and hinder its normal performance and lead to fallacy on the other hand,so that we should analyze their roles in detail.