新污染物环境暴露评估与调查监测总体要求

Principles for Environmental Exposure Assessment and Investigation Monitoring of Emerging Pollutants

新污染物环境监测涉及新污染物识别、环境风险评估与管控成效评估等多个目标,科学的环境调查监测有助于最大程度支撑新污染物治理。分析了环境暴露评估对新污染物监测介质、监测尺度、监测数据质量及代表性等方面的要求,借鉴发达国家对新污染物的环境监测实践经验,提出了我国新污染物环境监测总体要求,主要包括:从筛查监测、评估监测和监督性监测3个层次开展监测,以发现问题、评估风险、监督成效。评估监测应包含污水处理厂活性污泥,排放源周边地表水、沉积物、大气、土壤、环境生物等介质,应符合局部尺度环境暴露评估对监测数据的要求,监测报告应包含足够的信息。

The environmental monitoring of emerging pollutants involves multiple objectives such as identifying emerging pollutants,assessing environmental risks,and evaluating control effects.A scientific top-level design of monitoring plans helps to support the governance of emerging pollutants to the greatest extent.This study analyzes the requirements for emerging pollutants monitoring media,monitoring scale,monitoring data quality,and representativeness in the assessment of chemical substance environmental exposure.Combining with the review of environmental monitoring practices of developed countries,the top-level design ideas and monitoring method principles for emerging pollutants environmental monitoring are comprehensively proposed,mainly including:(1)Monitoring could be carried out from three levels:screening monitoring,evaluation monitoring,and supervisory monitoring,in order to locate the problem,assess the risk,and supervise the effect.(2)The evaluation monitoring should include activated sludge in waste water treat plant and surface water,sediment,atmosphere,soil and creatures surround the emission source.The evaluation monitoring should also meet the requirements of local environmental exposure assessment on monitoring data,and the monitoring report should contain enough information.