乌兰察布市霸王河湿地公园鸟类种类组成及分布特点初析

Preliminary Analysis of Bird Species Composition and Distribution Characteristics in Ulanqab Bawang River Wetland Park

2023年3月至11月,采用定点观察和样带调查相结合的方法,对乌兰察布市霸王河湿地公园鸟类物种多样性及分布特点进行实地调查。共记录到14目36科98种鸟类,其中国家重点保护野生鸟类有13种,乌兰察布市新纪录鸟类3种。种类组成以雀形目、雁形目、鸻形目为主,居留型以夏候鸟为主。4个季节鸟类群落物种丰富度从高到低依次为春季(65种)、夏季(45种)、冬季(43种)、秋季(40种)。6个样带鸟类群落物种丰富度从高到低依次为银翘飞瀑广场(63种)、八号库漫水桥(60种)、九号坝(51种)、地质广场(50种)、六号坝(50种)、水库大坝(28种)。公园内娱乐设施的建设和观光旅游对鸟类的分布有一定影响。建议多种植浆果类树种,以丰富鸟类食物来源;规范垂钓行为以减少人为干扰;加强公园鸟类监测及保护工作。

The species diversity and distribution of the birds in the Ulanqab Bawang River wetland park were investigated by fixed-spot observation and transect survey from March to November 2023.A total of 98 species of birds belonging to 36 families in 14 orders were recorded,containing 13 national key protected species and 3 newly recorded species of Ulanqab.The species composition was mainly passerine,anseriformes,charadriiformes,and the resident type was summer migratory birds.The species richness of bird community was highest in spring(65 species),and followed by summer(45 species),winter(43 species)and autumn(40 species),respectively.For the six transects,the species richness of bird communities was highest in Yinqiaofeipu waterfall square(63 species),followed by Manshuiqiao No.8 Reservoir(60 species),No.9 dam(51 species),geological square(50 species),No.6 dam(50 species)and reservoir dam(28 species),respectively.The construction of entertainment facilities and sightseeing tourism within the park had some influence on the distribution of birds.It was suggested that planting more berry trees could enrich the birds′food source,regulating the fishing behavior could reduce human disturbance,and the monitoring and protection of birds in the park should be strengthened.