脱酚棉籽蛋白替代豆粕对凡纳滨对虾生长、饲料利用和免疫应答的影响

Effect of Low-Gossypol Cottonseed Meal, the Substitute of Soybean Meal, on Growth,Feed Utilization and Immune Response of White Shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei )

为研究脱酚棉籽蛋白替代凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)饲料中豆粕的效果,以初始体质量为(0.81±0.01) g的凡纳滨对虾为研究对象,进行6周的养殖实验。对照组饲料中豆粕含量为25%(编号为S0),分别用4.93%、10.06%、14.80%、19.73%的脱酚棉籽蛋白等蛋白替代25%、50%、75%、100%的豆粕(分别编号为S25, S50, S75, S100)。每个处理3个重复,每个重复70尾对虾。实验表明,与对照组相比,脱酚棉籽蛋白替代100%豆粕对对虾的生长和饲料利用无显著影响,但显著降低了胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性,显著降低了干物质和粗蛋白表观消化率。与对照组相比,脱酚棉籽蛋白替代75%豆粕时,对虾肠道中免疫相关基因的表达显著升高。肠道组织形态学观察实验表明,脱酚棉籽蛋白替代100%豆粕会影响对虾的肠道健康,肠道绒毛高度显著降低。结果表明,脱酚棉籽蛋白替代饲料中100%的豆粕不会对凡纳滨对虾的生长和饲料利用产生显著影响,但会影响对虾的消化、免疫应答以及肠道健康。

To determine the effect of low-gossypol cottonseed meal,the substitute of soybean meal,in the feed of Litopenaeus vannamei,a six-week culture experiment was conducted using L.vannamei with an initial body weight of(0.81±0.01)g.The diets containing 25%,50%,75%and 100%of soybean meal(documented as S25,S50,S75,S100),correspondingly 4.93%,10.06%,14.80%and 19.73%of low-gossypol cottonseed meal and equal protein,respectively,were prepared and used to feed shrimps,70 individuals each treatment,3 replicates.The control group was fed the diet containing 25%of soybean meal.The results showed that the substitution of 100%soybean meal with low-gossypol cottonseed meal does not significantly affect the growth and feed utilization of shrimp,but the trypsin and amylase activities,the apparent dry matter and crude protein digestibility are significantly decreased.The expression of immune-related genes in the intestine of shrimp was significantly higher when 75%soybean meal was replaced by low-gossypol cottonseed meal than that of control.Intestinal histomorphological observation found that the replacement of soybean meal by low-gossypol cottonseed meal affects the intestinal health of shrimp.The intestinal villus height was significantly reduced when the substitution rate reached 100%.Our findings indicated that the substitution of 100%soybean meal in the diet with low-gossypol cottonseed meal does not significantly affect the growth and feed utilization of shrimp,but affects the digestion,immune response and intestinal health of shrimp.