《司马法》“以礼为固”的兵学思想

The Military Thought“Taking Ritual as the Firmness”of Sima’s Art of War

《司马法》是我国最古老的兵书之一,其保留了春秋时期治军用兵的法典法令,崇礼尚义,带有明显的礼乐文明的特色。因此,在战争观方面,《司马法》带有明显的以礼为固、以仁为本的特征。虽然《司马法》侧重讲军礼、军法,但其中也包含了大量具体的用兵、治军之法,如权衡利弊、因敌用兵、信赏明罚、善于激励士气、重视道德教育等,这些内容至今仍然值得关注和重视。

Sima’s Art of War is one of the oldest books on the art of war in China.It is a category decree retaining the military governance of the army during the Spring and Autumn Period.It advocates ritual and righteousness and has obvious characteristics of ritual and music civilization.Therefore,in terms of the outlook of war,Sima’s Art of War has obvious characteristics that take ritual as the firmness and benevolence as the foundation.Although Sima’s Art of War focuses on military ritual and military law,it also contains a large number of specific methods of using soldiers and governing the army,such as weighing the advantages and disadvantages,because using army according the enemy,rewarding and punishment,being good at motivating morale,and attaching importance to moral education.Nowadays these contents are still worthy of being paid attention and importance.