数字普惠金融对农村相对贫困的影响

The Impact of Digital Inclusive Finance on Rural Relative Poverty

基于2011—2022年北京大学数字普惠金融指数等经验数据实证检验了数字普惠金融对农村相对贫困的影响效果、机制与异质性。研究结果表明,数字普惠金融显著缓解了农村相对贫困;进一步通过变更系统GMM估计方法、替换变量处理以及样本期间波动性问题处理等方式进行检验,研究结论依然稳健;机制分析表明,数字普惠金融通过显著增加信贷规模、改善信贷结构和提高信贷质量等信贷供给机制缓解农村相对贫困,还通过显著促进创新创业缓解农村相对贫困;异质性分析表明,在非农经济比重较高、经营性收入占比较高和受教育程度较高的省份,且在数字普惠金融覆盖率、使用深度和数字化程度较高的组别,数字普惠金融的农村相对贫困缓解效应更为显著。

This article empirically tests the impact,mechanism,and heterogeneity of digital inclusive finance on rural relative poverty based on empirical data such as the 2011-2022 Peking University Digital Inclusive Finance Index.The research results indicate that digital inclusive finance has significantly reduced the relative poverty level in rural areas.Further testing was conducted by changing the system GMM estimation method,replacing variables,and addressing sample period volatility issues,demonstrating the robustness of the research conclusions.Mechanism analysis shows that digital inclusive finance alleviates relative poverty levels in rural areas by significantly increasing credit scale,improving credit structure,and enhancing credit quality through credit supply mechanisms.It also significantly promotes innovation and entrepreneurship,thereby alleviating relative poverty levels in rural areas.Heterogeneity analysis shows that in provinces and cities with a higher proportion of non-agricultural economy,a higher proportion of operating income,and a higher level of education,as well as in groups with higher coverage,depth of use,and degree of digitization of digital inclusive finance,the relative poverty improvement effect of digital inclusive finance is more significant.