实现共同富裕的一个路径探索:人力资本的增长与平衡效应检验

Exploring a Path to Achieve Common Prosperity:The Test of the Growth Effect and Balance Effect of Human Capital

共同富裕是我国新发展阶段的一个远景目标,“富裕”和“共享”是实现共同富裕的关键。构造一个反映人力资本与城乡居民收入差距关系的理论模型,并基于经验证据检验人力资本通过增长效应和平衡效应推动“富裕”和“共享”,进而促进共同富裕的作用。研究发现,人力资本提升既有利于“蛋糕”做大,又能有效促进“蛋糕”更好地分配,显著提升了城乡居民可支配收入水平,且对农村居民收入的提升力度大于城镇居民,成为缩小城乡居民收入差距的关键变量,推动了“富裕”和“共享”目标的实现;中介效应检验证实了人力资本通过促进农村高技能劳动力流向城镇,间接推动城乡居民收入增长和差距缩小,从而实现其增长与平衡效应;分样本回归结果显示,人力资本的平衡效应在低收入省份更加明显,而在高收入省份不显著。

Common prosperity is a long-term goal of China's new development stage,and'prosperity"and"sharing"are the key to achieving common prosperity.This paper constructs a theoretical model reflecting the relationship between human capital and the income gap between urban and rural residents,and tests the role of human capital in promoting"affluence"and"sharing"through the growth effect and balance effect,thus promoting common prosperity through empirical evidence.The study found that the improvement of human capital is not only conducive to the expansion of the"cake",but also can effectively promote the better distribution of the"cake".It not only significantly improves the level of disposable income of urban and rural residents,but also improves the income of rural residents more than urban residents,becoming a key variable to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents,and promoting the realization of the goals of"ffluence"and"sharing".The intermediary effect test confirmed that human capital indirectly promoted the income growth and the gap between urban and rural areas by promoting the flow of rural high-skilled labor to cities and towns,thus realizing its growth and balance effect.The results of sub-sample regression show that the balance effect of human capital is more obvious in low-income provinces,but not in high-income provinces.