聚焦退化珊瑚礁关键造礁石珊瑚类群的补充与恢复——以三亚 西岛为例

Focusing on supplementing and restoring degraded coral reefs with key groups of reef-building coral-paradigms in the restoration of Xidao Island’s coral reef

在全球变化和人类活动不断加剧的背景下,海南三亚西岛的珊瑚礁正处于退化状态。造礁石珊瑚群落以团块状为主,分枝状珊瑚严重退化,对环境敏感的鹿角珊瑚属占比降低,且数量、种类明显减少。基于此,本研究聚焦关键物种—鹿角珊瑚属(Acropora sp.)的补充和恢复,利用无性培殖的珊瑚开展珊瑚礁生态修复试验。期望通过补充鹿角珊瑚属种类和数量,改善西岛造礁石珊瑚群落,促进受损珊瑚礁生态系统的功能恢复,维护西岛及周边海域生态稳定,本研究首先通过苗圃培育技术,利用珊瑚树形苗圃和浮床式苗圃共培育鹿角珊瑚种苗2500株,经6个月的培育后,获得6221株大小为(13.1±1.7)cm的珊瑚用于底播移植;随后采用铆钉法将上述珊瑚移植至西岛近岸原生礁石。结果表明:移植8个月后,移植珊瑚的存活率高达98%,珊瑚平均大小为(19±0.17)cm,平均生长速率为(0.73±0.17)cm·month^(−1)修复区活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率提高至43.83%,其中鹿角珊瑚属的覆盖率为10.55%;移植20个月后,移植珊瑚的存活率为93%,珊瑚平均大小为(26.2±5.7)cm,平均生长速率为(0.60±0.28)cm·month^(−1)修复区活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率提高至61.49%,其中鹿角珊瑚属的覆盖率为15.93%。总体来说,本研究选择的珊瑚种类合适,采用的珊瑚苗圃培育技术和铆钉法珊瑚底播移植技术可靠,西岛退化珊瑚礁区鹿角珊瑚恢复效果显著。本研究可为我国典型近岸退化珊瑚礁生态系统的保护和修复提供参考,并为未来我国珊瑚礁修复技术发展提供理论和技术支持。

Under the context of global change and increasing human activities,the coral reefs of Xidao Island in Sanya,Hainan,are experiencing degradation.The reef community mainly consists of massive coral colonies,with branching corals severely degraded.The proportion,quantity and diversity of the environmentally sensitive Acropora sp.have significantly declined.In light of this,this study focuses on the supplementation and restoration of key species(Acropora sp.)and conducts coral reef ecological restoration experiments using asexual propagation.The aim is to improve the coral community of the Xidao Island by supplementing the Acropora coral species and numbers,thereby promoting the functional recovery of the damaged coral reef ecosystem and maintaining ecological stability in the vicinity of the Xidao Island.Initially,using coral garden techniques,coral tree nurseries and floating bed nurseries were used to cultivate 2,500 seedlings of Acropora sp.corals.After 6 months of cultivation,6,221 corals with an average size of(13.1±1.7)cm were obtained for outplanting.Subsequently,the corals were transplanted to the nearshore native reef of Xidao Island using rivet method.The results showed that after 8 months of transplantation,the survival rate of transplanted corals reached 98%.The average size of corals was(19±0.17)cm,with an average growth rate of(0.73±0.17)cm/month/colony.The coral cover in the restoration area increased to 43.83%,with Acropora sp.corals accounting for 10.55% of the coverage.After 20 months of transplantation,the survival rate of transplanted corals was 93%.The average size of corals was(26.2±5.7)cm,with an average growth rate of(0.60±0.28)cm/month/colony.The coral cover in the restoration area increased to 61.49%,with Acropora sp.corals accounting for 15.93% of the coverage.Overall,this study demonstrates that the selected coral species,coupled with the coral nursery cultivation and rivet transplantation techniques,are effective in restoring Acropora corals in the degraded coral reef areas of the Xidao Island.This research can serve as a reference for the protection and restoration of typical nearshore degraded coral reef ecosystems in China,providing theoretical and technical support for the future development of coral reef restoration techniques in the country.