三亚凤凰岛造礁石珊瑚迁移效果研究

Study on relocation effect of scleractinian coral in the Fenghuang Island,Sanya

造礁石珊瑚既是构成珊瑚礁生态系统中的关键功能生物,也是国家二级保护野生动物,其数量的快速衰退已引起了广泛关注,因此近年来我国对造礁石珊瑚以及珊瑚礁生态系统的保护正在逐步加强。海岸工程易对周边的珊瑚礁造成严重影响,实施保护性迁移是降低工程对造礁石珊瑚影响的重要手段。为研究海南热带海域造礁石珊瑚迁移方法以及迁移保护的效果,我们对三亚凤凰岛二期项目拆除工程影响海域内的造礁石珊瑚实施了保护性迁移及监测。迁移造礁石珊瑚个体共计16634株,包括鹿角珊瑚属、牡丹珊瑚属、滨珊瑚属等18属造礁石珊瑚种类。迁移个体分别迁移至鹿回头海域6210株与西岛海域10424株。迁移珊瑚采用了三种移植方法,分别为铆钉移植、小型移植礁体移植与直接摆放。在迁移至鹿回头和西岛两地8个月后,迁移珊瑚平均存活率均在80%以上,两地迁移珊瑚的总存活率为86.24%。调查的结果显示,铆钉移植的方法存活率最高,小型移植礁体和直接摆放的两种移植方法存活率稍低。迁移至西岛的珊瑚8个月平均生长了3.03cm,的增长率为23.31%,而鹿回头迁入的珊瑚平均生长了6.15cm,增长率为58.74%,高于迁移至西岛的珊瑚。迁移采用的三种移植方法的8个月的存活率均高于75%,并且珊瑚的生长速率较好,说明珊瑚适应迁入区环境。由以上结果来看,此次保护性迁移珊瑚数量多,涉及的珊瑚种类广,在迁移后经受过两次台风的影响,迁移结果具有一定的代表性。本研究中,珊瑚迁移的效果达到了保护受拆除工程影响的造礁石珊瑚的目的,可为未来的珊瑚迁移性保护提供重要经验。

Scleractinian corals are key functional organisms in the coral reef ecosystem,and are secondary protected wild animals in China.The decline of their population has attracted widespread attention,and the protection of scleractinian corals and the coral reef ecosystem has been gradually strengthened in recent years.Coastal projects threat the coral reefs nearby by causing serious impacts on scleractinian corals,and protective relocation of affected corals is needed to reduce the impacts of projects.In order to study the relocation method of corals in Hainan tropical waters and the effect of relocation protection,we relocated and monitored the scleractinian corals that were impacted by coastal project.A total of 16,634 corals were relocated,including 18 genera of coral specie.6,210 corals were relocated to the Luhuitou Reef,and 10,424 corals were relocated to the West Island Reef.The transplantation methods include nail transplantation,small artificial reef transplantation and direct placement.After 8 months of relocation,the coral survival rate was above 80%in both the Luhuitou reef and West Island,except the direct placement of coral individuals in the West Island decreased to 76%.Combining each relocation method with the number of corals in the transplantation site,the total survival rate of relocated corals after 8 months of relocation was 86.24%.The results of the two surveys showed that the nail transplantation method had the highest survival rate,and the small artificial reef transplantation and direct placement had slightly lower survival rates.The corals relocated to West Island grew an average of 3.03 cm in 8 months,with a growth rate of 23.31%,while the corals relocated to Luhuitou grew 6.15 cm in average,with a growth rate of 58.74%,which is higher than that of the West Island corals.Eight months after relocation,the survival rates of the three transplantation methods were all above 75%,indicating that the corals are well adapted to the environment of the relocated areas.From the above results,the effect of this coral relocation achieved the purpose of protecting the scleractinian corals affected by coastal project,which can provide important experience for the future coral conservation.