床旁超声心动图评估不同脑死亡原因的潜在成人心脏移植供体的价值

Evaluation of Potential Donors With Different Causes of Brain Death for Adult Heart Transplantation:a Bedside Echocardiographic Study

目的:探讨床旁超声心动图评估不同脑死亡原因的潜在成人心脏移植供体的价值。方法:选取2018年2月至2020年12月在中国医学科学院阜外医院评估的670例潜在成人心脏移植供体的床旁超声心动图及临床资料。根据不同脑死亡原因将供体分为脑卒中组(包括出血性脑卒中和缺血性脑卒中,n=398)和非脑卒中组(包括脑外伤、脑肿瘤、缺血缺氧性脑病,n=272),比较两组供体超声心动图及临床特点。由中国人体器官分配系统分至我院且符合供体入选标准的供体350例,脑卒中组195例,非脑卒中组155例,我院外科行获取手术,比较两组心脏有效获取率。结果:(1)670例潜在成人心脏移植供体中,与非脑卒中组比,脑卒中组供体的年龄更大、体重指数更高、左心室舒张末期内径更大、室间隔厚度更厚、有高血压史比例更高、不符合超声心动图入选标准比例更高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。670例潜在成人心脏移植供体中,共检出不符合超声心动图入选标准供体117例(17.5%),主要原因为左心室壁增厚有59例(50.4%)、左心室射血分数<50%有27例(23.1%)、室壁运动异常有21例(17.9%)、左心扩大有14例(12.0%)。(2)由中国人体器官分配系统分至我院且符合供体入选标准的350例供体中,心脏成功获取并移植246例(70.3%),其中脑卒中供体110例(44.7%),非脑卒中供体136例(55.3%)。与非脑卒中组比,脑卒中组的心脏获取成功率低[87.7%(136/155) vs. 56.4%(110/195),P<0.001]。外科手术未能成功获取104例(29.7%),获取不成功的主要原因为供心的冠状动脉任何一支主干发生堵塞,为91例(87.5%)。结论:应用床旁超声心动图筛查潜在移植供体的心脏,具有重要价值。脑死亡原因为脑卒中的潜在供体与非脑卒中供体的心脏结构有差异。即使初步供体评估合格,脑卒中供体的心脏获取成功率仍比非脑卒中供体低。

Objectives:To investigate the feasibility of using bedside echocardiography on the evaluation of potential donors with different causes of brain death for adult heart transplantation.Methods:Bedside echocardiographic and clinical data of consecutive potential donors for adult heart transplantation evaluated by the team of our institution from February 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Based on different causes of brain death,the potential donors were divided into stroke(ischemic or hemorrhagic,n=398)and non-stroke(head trauma,brain tumor,anoxia,n=272)groups.The clinical and echocardiographic features were compared between the two groups.A total of 350 donors were assigned to our hospital by the China Organ Transplant Response System and met the inclusion criteria for donor selection.There were 195 cases in the stroke group and 155 in the non-stroke group.Retrieval operations were Results:(1)Among the 670 potential heart donors,compared with the non-stroke group,donors in the stroke group were significantly older,had higher body mass index,larger left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,thicker interventricular septum,higher rates of echocardiographic abnormalities,higher prevalence of hypertension(all P<0.001).Among the 670 potential heart donors,17.5%(117 cases)did not meet the echo selection criteria,the common causes were left ventricular hypertrophy(59 cases,50.4%),left ventricular ejection fraction<50%(27 cases,23.1%),wall motion abnormalities(21 cases,17.9%),and left ventricular dilation(14 cases,12.0%).(2)Among the 350 donors who had met the selection criteria and assigned to our hospital by the China Organ Transplant Response System and underwent retrieval operation,70.3%(246 cases)were successfully procured,110 cases(44.7%)in the stroke group and 136 cases(55.3%)in the non-stroke group.The retrieval rate of stroke donors(110/195,56.4%)was lower compared with that of non-stroke(136/155,87.7%,P<0.001),104 cases(29.7%)were not retrieved,and the leading cause of unsuccessful organ retrieval was the occlusion of at least one major coronary artery(91 cases,87.5%).Conclusions:Bedside echocardiography is of great value as a screening tool for cardiac donors.Cardiac structures of the potential donor with stroke as the cause of brain death were different from those with non-stroke causes.The retrieval rate of stroke donors was lower than that of non-stroke donors,even if the initial criteria for donor selection were fulfilled.